Latin Aeneid Lesson 8

Aeacides

Achilles, descendant of Aeacus (patronymic)

aether

Upper sky, heavens

beatus, -a, -um

Blessed, happy

campus

Field

contingō

Happen, befall (e.g., contigit oppetere = it happened to meet death)

crēber

Frequent, crowded

effundō

Pour out

ēripiō

Rescue, snatch from

extemplō

Immediately

frīgus

Cold, chill; metonymy for shudder of fear

galea

Helmet

Hector

Trojan hero, killed by Achilles

Īliacus

Of Ilium (Troy), Trojan

ingemō

Groan, sigh; onomatopoeia

intentō

Threaten, hold over

intonō

Thunder

membrum

Limb

mors

Death

occumbō

Lie down (dead), meet death

oppetō

Meet (death), encounter

palma

Palm, hand

polus

Pole, sky

praesēns

Present, instant

quater

Four times

Sarpēdōn

Trojan ally, son of Jupiter, killed in Iliad

scūtum

Shield

Simoīs

River near Troy

solvō

Loosen; solvuntur = knees give way

subitō

Suddenly

ter

Three times

Tȳdīdēs

Son of Tydeus, Diomedes, Greek hero

caelumque diemque

Both sky and daylight (acc. objects)

Teucorum

Of the Trojans (gen. possession)

pontō

Dative of compound verb.

intonuērunt

Syncopated 3rd person perfect.

crēbrīs ignibus

Ablative of cause or means (with frequent flashes = lightning).

intentant omnia

All things threaten; subject = omnia.

solvuntur frigore membra

Limbs loosen with chill (fear); metonymy.

ingemit

Groans aloud; onomatopoeia.

talia voce refert

Says such things aloud.

beati

Vocative; apostrophe (addressing the dead).

quibus contigit oppetere

To whom it befell to meet death.

ora patrum

Faces of fathers; synecdoche (part for whole).

O Tydide

Vocative; apostrophe (addressing Diomedes).

mea dextra

Ablative of means (by your hand).

ubi…ubi…ubi

Anaphora, asyndeton, ellipsis.

Aeacidae

Of Achilles; patronymic.

telō

Ablative of cause (by the spear).

sub undīs

Under the waves (ablative place where).

Aeneae (88)

Dative, compound verb.

Teucorum (89)

Genitive, possession.

pontō (89)

Dative, compound verb.

crēbrīs ignibus (90)

Ablative, cause or means.

frigore (92)

Ablative, cause (from fear).

dextrā (96)

Ablative, means (by your hand).

Aeacidae (99)

Genitive, possession (of Achilles).

telō (99)

Ablative, cause (by the spear).

campis (99)

Ablative, place where (on the plains).

sub undīs (100)

Ablative, place where (under the waves).

Vergil imitate Odysseus’ fear from the Odyssey

To elevate Aeneas’ heroic status to match Odysseus.

Heroic ideal Aeneas expresses

It’s better to die in glorious battle and be remembered.

Aeneas’ fear at sea

Dying unknown and without immortal fame (kleos).

Why mention Hector and Sarpedon

Their memory lives on; Aeneas fears being forgotten.

largerar Greek work Vergil expect audience know

The Odyssey.

Who killed Hector

Achilles.

Who killed Sarpedon

Patroclus.

Who is Tydides

Diomedes, son of Tydeus.

Literary device ora patrum

Synecdoche (faces/mouths standing for fathers).

Literary device ingemit

Onomatopoeia.

Literary device ubi…ubi…ubi

Anaphora, asyndeton, ellipsis.

Heroic theme Aeneas' speech

Longing for immortal glory through remembered deeds.