Autonomics - Anatomy Exam 2

two-neuron

the autonomic nervous system is a _____________ chain

preganglionic

the first neuron is the __________________.

postganglionic

the second neuron is the ____________________.

brainstem, sacral spinal cord (S2-S4)

Where are parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies found?

ganglia; target organ

parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are located in ________________ that lie within or very close to the __________________.

very long

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are ______________.

short

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are _______________.

III, VII, IX, X

what are the cranial nerves carrying parasympathetics?

CN VII and CN IX

what cranial nerves send fibers that travel with other cranial nerves or branches to reach their targets?

Parasympathetic NS

promotes digestion, gland secretion, energy conservation, and bladder emptying

thoracic and lumbar regions

sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are found in the ________________________ of the spinal cord

lateral horn

specifically, sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies originate from where?

T1-L2

where does the thoracolumbar region span?

paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia

sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are located in what?

white rami communicantes

sympathetic preganglionic axons enter the sympathetic trunk through what?

gray rami communicantes

sympathetic postganglionic axons exit through what?

splanchnic nerves

Preganglionic fibers that pass through the trunk without synapsing become what?

abdomen

splanchnic nerves synapse in prevertebral ganglia in the what?

short

sympathetic preganglionic fibers are what?

long

sympathetic postganglionic fibers are what?

Sympathetic NS

increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, redirects blood flow to muscles

T1-T5 via sympathetic trunk

what is the sympathetic innervation of the heart?

T2-T5 via sympathetic trunk

what is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) --> celiac ganglion

what is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) --> superior mesenteric ganglion

what is the sympathetic innervation of the upper duodenum?

lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) --> superior mesenteric ganglion

what is the sympathetic innervation of the lower duodenum?

lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) --> superior mesenteric ganglion

what is the sympathetic innervation of the jejunum and ileum?

Lesser Splanchnic and some lumbar splanchnic --> superior mesenteric ganglion

what is the sympathetic innervation of the first part of the large intestine?

S2-S4 via pelvic splanchnic

what is parasympathetic innervation of the end of the large intestine?

Lumbar splanchnic (L1-L2) --> inferior mesenteric ganglia --> pelvic ganglia

what is the sympathetic innervation of the end of the large intestine?

S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic nerves

What is parasympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera (bladder, reproductive organs)?

sacral splanchnic nerves --> pelvic ganglia

what is the sympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera (bladder, reproductive organs)?

greater splanchnic nerve

(T5–T9): Preganglionic; synapses in celiac ganglion

Prevertebral Ganglia

Located anterior to aorta (e.g., celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric); associated with abdominal organs

Paravertebral Ganglia

Sympathetic chain along vertebral column

Visceral referred pain

Poorly localized; follows sympathetic pathways back to spinal cord

Parietal Peritoneum Referred Pain

Well localized due to somatic innervation

Heart Referred Pain

Referred to left arm/shoulder (T1 dermatomes via brachial plexus)

Kidneys Referred pain

Flank pain; ureter pain radiates from loin to groin

Gallbladder Referred pain

Right shoulder pain (C3-C5) via phrenic nerve irritation of diaphragm

T4

nipple line dermatome

T10

umbilicus dermatome

L1

inguinal region (iliohypogastric n) dermatome

Genitofemoral n

Cremaster reflex, scrotum/labia; dermatome

Ilioinguinal N

upper medial thigh, genitalia; dermatome