Age of Revolution Art

Origins of Neoclassicism

* order, symmetry
* throwback to greek and romans
* stuff discovered in pompeii

Neoclassicism

* order
* calm, serious tone
* greek and roman history
* draw with lines not color
* inspirational
* founder = David

Oath of Horatii

* David, Louvre
* Horatii's brothers’ oath to dad that they’ll win fight with rival bros (Alba Longa)
* 3 v 3 fight
* left: 3 hortii, right: sister hortii engaged to curaitli brother
* loyalty of brothers - loyalty to country
* women = passive, males = active
* roman form of painting → neocassical

Death of Marat

* David 1793, neoclassicism
* marat dead in bath
* hero of FR
* killed working in a bathtub
* propaganda - corday = bad, marat = good
* marat - writing a letter
* david saw marat before his death

Napoleon Crossing the Alps

* David, neoclassical
* Nap leading troops across alps
* against Austria
* comissioned by king Charles IV (Spain)
* not accurate
* davids signature (breast of horse)

La Grande Odalisque

* **1814, Louvre, neoclassicism**
* Ingres
* __Odalisque__ - harem girl
* staying in __Seraglio__ - women’s apartments of a sultan
* comissioned by nap’s sister (Ingres never got the money bc nap died) :(
* VERY criticized
* nude but not god
* direct eye contact w viewer
* drugs on her bed (hash pipe)
* closeup view
* problems w painting
* rly long back
* leg not rly attatched to hip
* no bones??
* defenders think ingres wasn’t trying realism

Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker

* 1806, Canova, neoclassical
* napoleon roman statue style
* nap didn’t want to be nakey for this
* idealized figure; roman god like
* kinda contrapposto pose
* holding nike in his hand
* nap didn’t want to display this
* people thought he made himself look good on purpose
* nap and french critics hated it
* Canova knew this
* he was annoyed that napoleon allowed looting of italian art pieces
* he was a devout catholic and pope supporter - napoleon was against church

Chiswick House, 1725 & Monticello, 1770-1896

* both are neoclassical
* pediment, frieze, colums, domes, symmetry
* Chiswick house - Britain neoclassical
* symmetry = reaction against baroque
* Thomas Jefferson took neoclassical stuff to colonies when he designed his house Monticello
* neoclassical

Romantic Art

* return to nature
* justice for all
* emotion > reason
* less poised and restrained tan neoclassical
* sublime: nature creates pain in viewer

The Bloody Massacre

* Paul Revere
* propaganda of boston massacre, we hate britain

not an accurate representation
* british: stoic, colonists: horror
* Crispus Attucks - first person killed
* poem by paul revere
* engraved by PR, someone else drew it
* revolutionary

Third of May

* Goya
* nap marching and conquered spain
* shows massacre of spanish freedom fighters
* bc they tried to rebel
* propaganda against french
* nap = no mercy, suffering of spanish
* Goya = French > before but now spanish >
* painting was to “apologize”
* people not at peace with death
* romantic

Liberty Leading the People

* Eugene Delacroix
* notre dame in back
* July Revolution of 1830
* dead ppl: french military, vulnerability of the time
* She leads ppl from all classes (bourgeouise → man in top hat; young student → boy with pistolts)
* bare breast = antiquity
* revolutionary

Rain, Steam, and Speed

* Turner
* industrial revolution → “pushing Europe forward”
* celebrate railroad, v. fast (contrast btwn old brige and new, modern bridge on right)
* loose brush strokes → impressionism
* revolutionary

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

* Francisco Goya, romanticism
* “Los Caprichos” series (80 pieces)
* satire - exposes bad stuff bout spanish society
* Goya asleep @ desk with a nightmare
* Creatures associated with evil
* caption: art is reason and imagination
* VERY criticized - disturbing piece
* “aquaint” - resin/wax on metal - not a painting
* metal dipped in acid
* romantic

Saturn Devouring His Son

* Goya
* not meant for public
* painting on a wall - Goya’s dining room
* Saturn eating sons so they don’t overthrow him
* represents dictators afraid of losing their own power
* or maybe Goya went insane in old age
* romantic

The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog

* isolated frail man (cane)
* Friedrich
* nature stuff, vast, sublime
* **ruckenfigure**: person viewed from behind
* maybe self-portrait
* Germany
* romantic

Raft of Medusa

* Gericault
* Survivors of French naval ship
* survivors of boat as ship coming to rescue them (titanic vibes)
* many died; cannibalism
* sailed to safety in africa
* ship in painting passes by them
* criticized by neoclassical artists
* romantic

The Slave Ship

* Turner
* slaves pushed overboard
* capitains are still paid if slaves die from ocean, not if from disease
* orders sick and dying slaves off
* so much nature, slave insurance money


* humans suck, nature good
* beautiful sunset v. gruesome death → fear, panic
* dehumanization of slave trade
* romantic

Background to Baroque Art

* religious tensions, more science, growth of absolutist monarchies
* cath v. prot, science and exploration, growth of monarchies
* church said art should be religious
* dissection and anatomical realism
* rich catholics comission paintings
* rough, irregularly shaped

Baroque Art

* extravagant display
* dramatic realism
* everyday realism
* __chiaroscuro__: light & dark; light adds dimension
* __Tenebrism__: dark bakground and light from a source outside the painting

The Calling of St. Matthew

* Caravaggio
* Levi the tax collecter
* jasus pointing at levi to follow him
* drama and realism
* looks like a photo
* greedy guy Levi → apostle St. Matthew
* don’t know who Levi is
* baroque
* __tenebrism__

The Cardsharps

* Caravaggio
* strong cardplayers prey on weaker players
* rich guy playing with “card sharks”
* Car’s first masterpiece
* shady pickpocket guy (finger w/o gloves)
* trying to rob rich player guy in black
* __tenebrism__ from left side = evil
* moment of drama and realism
* boy = repercussions of straying from the church
* baroque

Las Meninas

* “ladies in waiting”
* Velazquez
* painting of king and queen of spain
* princess margaret theresa being attended to by ladies in waiting
* in Madrid at Museo del Prado
* baroque

The Night Watch

* Rembrandt van Rijn
* men of Captain Cocq and Liutenant Ruytenburch
* militia group, action shot
* group paid Rembrandt for a portait; posed
* dead chicken = mascot
* not supposed to be nightime, dark bc of dust and dirt
* baroque

David

* in action, throwing stone at Goliath
* more dramatic, assymetrical → emotion on face
* realism - everyday
* different from michealangelos (his was sstoic
* baroque

St. Theresa of Avila in Ecstasy

* Bernini
* nun, had a vision that angel would stab her in the heart with a flaming arrow → painful ecstasy
* scare people who left catholicism to come back to catholic church
* in Cornaro burial chapel (very detailed, borderline rococo)
* baroque

Baptistère of Saint Louis

* Secular Islamic art
* went from Mamluk Sultanate to the French court - unknown how
* louvre
* detailed
* fleur-de-lis (small round disks or decorative medallions)
* roundels -  symbol of the French royal family


* scenes from the Mamluk court
* not religious

Carpet

* many were prayer rugs
* many secular
* Ardabil carpet - many years to complete
* geometric patterns
* golden medallion
* 2 lamps
* lots of knots