IHC Exam 1 Study Guide

certification

a person has met predetermined standards; getting certified usually involves completing certain educational requirements and passing a professional exam

registration

being placed on an official list after meeting educational and testing requirements

licensure

person has been granted permission to legally perform certain acts, usually granted by the state

on the job training

an approach to acquiring new skills needed for a job

school accreditation

recognition that an institution maintains a certain level of educational standards; most examining and licensing boards require attending an accredited school

what does it mean to think like a health care professional

learning for understanding, not memorization; basing decisions on facts; creating relationships among facts; locating reliable sources of information; practicing good communication skills; recognize scope of practice

steps of successful problem solving

identify the problem -> gather information -> create alternatives -> choose an alternative -> evaluate and revise as needed

integrity

always be honest, respect other's privacy, be loyal to employer, take responsibility for your actions

growth projections in health care fields

all health care positions are projected to grow

historical view of illness

people thought sickness was brought on by ghosts, spirits, or gods

what factors contribute to an increase in life span

improvements in medical care

pros of specialization of medicine

diagnosis and treatment are improving

cons of specialization of medicine

less focus on the patient as a whole, relationship between patient and doctor suffers

challenges faced by hospitals

providing affordable care, providing long-term care, improving social conditions, eliminating racism

what health care services are expected to provide the most amount of jobs

long-term care facilities

what is complimentary medicine

methods used along with Western medicine; ex. meditating as well as taking medication

why do we encourage patients to take responsibility for their health

the majority of health problems can be resolved/avoided by practicing self care

palliative care

care that relieves but does not cure

antibiotic resistance

when the bacteria mutates, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics

how much have suicide rates increased since the late 1990s

30%

how can you tell a health care service is fraudulent

submitting claims for services not provided, falsifying claims or records, misrepresenting dates & frequency of service, billing for services at a higher price than necessary

health disparities

differences in health status among different population groups

how does homelessness affect health

malnutrition & poor hygiene

what effect does one's race/ethnicity have on their health

racial & ethnic minority groups suffer more health problems & have shorter life expectancies

what influences quality of care

some methods of paying providers for their services encourage them to provide less care than more

pros of nursing homes

full time care, active social life

cons of nursing homes

expensive, lack of freedom

medication adherence

taking prescribed medications correctly, as per timing, dosage, and frequency

what effect does the opioid crisis have on health care

millions of Americans are addicted, overdosing, and dying

how can opioid deaths be avoided

create safe prescribing guidelines, regulating pain clinics, identifying fraudulent prescriptions, educating patients, improving access to naloxone

regulations regarding TV prescription drug commercials

they are banned in every country except for the United States & New Zealand

ethics

a system of principles a society develops to guide decisions about right and wrong

battery

the unauthorized touching of another person

assault

any threatened or implied act, whether carried out or not

patient confidentiality

legal right to privacy concerning medical affairs

respondent superior

"let the master answer"

euthanasia

mercy killing/assisted suicide

autonomy

self-government, patients have the right to make decisions about their health care

false imprisonment

when a patient is held against their will

fraud

a form of dishonesty involving cheating or trickery

negligence

failure to meet the standard of care that can reasonably be expected

malpractice

improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment

purpose of the professional code of ethics

to achieve the high levels of ethical consciousness, decision-making, and practice

what is required to have a legal contract in health care

offer, acceptance, consideration ($)

expressed consent

direct verbal or written statement granting permission for treatment

implied consent

indicated by the patient's actions

When must a contract be in writing

if it falls under the statute of frauds; marriage contracts; year or longer contracts