Ch 2 - Body Organization

Flashcards that are in question-and-answer format are done so that the question is the "definition" and the answer is the "term"

Abdomin/o

Abdomen

Adip/o

Fat

Aer/o

Air

Anter/o

Front

Brachi/o

Arm

Bucc/o

Cheek

Cardi/o

Heart

Caud/o

Tail

Cephal/o

Head

Cervic/o

Neck

Chondr/o

Cartilage

Crani/o

Skull

Crin/o

To secrete

Crur/o

Leg

Cutane/o; derm/o; dermat/o

Skin

Cyt/o

Cell

Dist/o

Away from

Dors/o

Back

Enter/o

Small intestine

Epitheli/o

Epithelium

Gastr/o

Stomach

Glute/o

Buttock

Gynec/o

Female

Hal/o

To breathe

Hemat/o

Blood

Hist/o

Tissue

Immun/o

Protection

Infer/o

Below

Inguin/o

Groin

Laryng/o

Larynx

Later/o

Side

Lingu/o

Tongue

Lumb/o

Loin (low back)

Lymph/o

Lymph

Medi/o

Middle

Muscul/o

Muscle

Nephr/o

Kidney

Neur/o

Nerve

Ophthalm/o

Eye

Orth/o

Straight

Or/o

Mouth

Ot/o

Ear

Pariet/o

Cavity wall

Ped/o

Foot

Pelv/o

Pelvis

Peritone/o

Peritoneum

Pleur/o

Pleura

Poster/o

Back

Proct/o

Rectum, anus

Proxim/o

Near to

Pub/o

Genital region

Pulmon/o

Lung

Rect/o

Rectum

Rhin/o

Nose

Spin/o

Spine

Super/o

Above

Thec/o

Sheath (meninges)

Thorac/o

Chest

Topic/o

A specific area

Ur/o; urin/o

Urine

Vagin/o

Vagina

Vascul/o

Blood vessel

Ven/o

Vein

Ventr/o

Belly

Vertebr/o

Vertebra

Viscer/o

Internal organ

Cells: tissues: organs: organ systems: body

What is the hierarchy of components in the body?

Cytology

The study of cells and their functions

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell membrane

What three things do all cells have?

Histology

The study of tissue

Muscular tissue

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Nervous tissue

What are the four types of tissue in the body?

Muscle fibers

Individual muscle cells

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

What are the three different types of muscle?

Muscle tissue

Produces movement in the body through contractions (shortening in length)

Epithelial tissue; epithelium

Close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

Protective barrier

Absorb substances

Secrete substances

Excrete wastes

Purposes of the epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

The supporting and protecting tissue

Bone

The connective tissue that provides structural support for the whole body

Cartilage

The connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber in joints

Tendons

Connects skeletal tissue to bones

Adipose

Connective tissue that provides protective padding around the body

Neurons

What cells are nervous tissue made of?

Integumentary system

Organ system that forms protective two-way barrier; aids in temperature regulation

Musculoskeletal system

Organ system that supports and protects body; forms blood cells; stores minerals; produces movement

Cardiovascular system

Organ system that pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

Hematic system

Organ system that transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

Lymphatic system

Organ system that protects the body from disease and invasion of pathogens

Respiratory system

Organ system that obtains oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body

Digestive/Gastrointestinal system

Organ system that ingests, digests, and obsorbs nutrients from the body

Urinary system

Organ system that filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body

Female reproductive system

Organ system that produces eggs for reproduction, provides place for growing baby, and nourishes infant

Male reproductive system

Organ system that produces sperm for reproduction

Endocrine system

Organ system that regulates metabolic activities of the body

Nervous system

Organ system that receives sensory information and coordinates body’s response

Eyes

Sensory organ that converts light into electrical impulses allowing for vision

Ears

Sensory organ with dual purpose: converts sound waves into electrical impulses allowing for hearing, and maintains the body’s sense of balance

Anatomical position

Used when describing the positions and relationships of structures in the human body

Standing erect with arms at the side of the body, the palms facing forward, the eyes looking straight ahead, legs are parallel with the feet and toes are facing forward

What is the human body doing for anatomical position?

Sagittal plane

A vertical plane that runs lengthwise from front to back dividing the body into left and right portions

Median/midsagittal plane

The sagittal plane if it runs directly through the exact middle of the body