Med Term Final

emesis

vomiting

pepsia

digestion

phagia

eating, swallowing

ptsis

spitting

rrhage, rrhagia

bursting forth (of blood)

rrhaphy

suture

rrhea

flow, discharge

spasm

involuntary contraction of muscles

stasis

stopping, controlling

stenosis

narrowing, tightening

contrast medium

substance that x-ray cannot penetrate

lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)

x-ray image of the colon & rectum obtained after injection of barium into rectum

upper gastrointestinal series

x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, & small intestine obtained after adminstering barium by mouth

cholangiography

x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

fecal transplant

transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient

C. difficile

harmful bacteria that cause diarrhea & colitis

bariatric surgery

procedures used to achieve weight loss in people with severe obesity

sleeve gastrectomy

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope

laparoscopy

visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscopic inserted through small incisions in the abdomen

nasogastric intubation

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

paracentesis (abdominocentesis)

puncture to remove fliud from the abdomen

BE

barium enema

EGD

esophagogastroduodenscopy

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

G tube

gastrostomy tube → feeding tube

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI

gastrointestinal

J-tube

jejunostomy tube → feeding tube

NG tube

nasogastric tube

NPO

nothing by mouth

PEG tube

presutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube → feeding tube

abdominal cavity

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder & intestines

also called peritoneal cavity

cranial cavity

spead in the head containing the brain & surrounding by the skull

cranial means pretaining to the skull

diaphragm

muscles separating the abdominal & thoracic caitives

moves up & down & aids in breathing

dorsal (posterior)

pertaining to the back

mediastinum

centerally located space outside of & between the lungs

pelvic cavity

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder & reproductive organs

pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis - is composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity

peritoneum

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

attaches abdominal viscera to muscles & functions as a prptective membrane around organs

pleura

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

pleural means pertaining to ______

pleural cavity

space betnween the pleural layers

spinal cavity

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus & other organs

ventral (anterior)

pertaining to the front

cervical - C

neck region

7 vertebrae

thoracic - T

chest region

12 vertebrae

lumbar - L

loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs & hip bone)

5 vertebrae

sacral - S

5 bones are fused to form 1 bone

coccygeal

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces

anterior (ventral)

front side of the body

ex - forehead

posterior (dorsal)

back side of the body

ex - back of the head

deep

away from the surface

ex - stab wound

superficial

on the surface

ex - veins

proximal

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

ex - femur is closer to the spine than the ulnar

distal

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

ex - the foot is further away from the hip bone than the femur

inferior

below another structure

superior

above another structure

medial

pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body

lareral

pertaining to the side

supine

lying on the back

prone

lying on the belly

frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane dividing the body or struture into anterior & posterior portions

front & back slice

sagittal (lateral) plane

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right & left sides

the midsagittal plane divides the body into right & left havles

line cut through the sternum

transverse (axial) plane

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

divides body into upper & lower portions

slices body like bread

anatomical position

standard reference position of the body

standing with arms at the side & palms turned forward, with head & toes pointing forward

dorsum

back or posterior surface of a part

ex - in the foot it is the top of the foot

fowler’s

supine position with head higher than the feet

approsimately 45-60 degrees

mediolateral

going from the midline of a structure to the side of a structure

midline of the body

imaginary line created when the body is divided into equal right & left halves

midsagittal plane

plane that divides the body into right & left equal portions

semi fowler’s

supine position with head higher than feet

approximately 30 degrees

sims’

recumbent position with the patient lying on the left anterior side with the left leg extended & the right knee & thigh partially flexed

trendelenburg

supine position with the head tilted downward

lateromedial

going from the side of a structure towards the midline of the structure

lithotomy

a supine position with the knee & hip flexed & thighs abducted & rotated externally, supported by ankle supports

longitudinal plane

divided the body into right & left segments

planter

pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

decubitus

the patient is lying down & that the dentral ray is horizontal & parrallel with the floor

oblique

rotating the entire body or body part so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the IR

recumbent

general term refering to lying down in any position

coronal plane

divides the body into anterior & posterior segments

right hypochondriac region

what region is #1?

epigastric region

what region is #2?

left hypochondriac region

what region is #3?

right lumbar region

what region is #4?

umbilical region

what region is #5?

left lumbar region

what region is #6?

right inguinal region

what region is #7?

hypogastric region

what region is #8?

left inguinal region

what region is #9?

right upper quadrant

what quadrant is a?

left upper quadrant

what quadrant is b?

right lower quadrant

what quadrant is c?

left lower quadrant

what quadrant is d?

cervical

what is division #1?

thoracic

what is division #2?

lumbar

what is division #3?

sacral

what is division #4?

coccygeal

what is division #5?

RUQ - upper right quadrant

what quadrant contains the liver, gallbladder & part of the pancreas?

LUQ - lower upper quadrant

what quadrant contains the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas?