Poriferas/Sponges

What are the pores and canals of Porifera used for?

Filter feeding

The porifera’s skeleton is made of what?

Spicules

What does it mean when it is said an animal is marine?

It is from the sea

What does it mean when it is said an animal is aquatic?

It means it is related to water

What is unique to Porifera?

Cellular Embryonic Development

This kind of Embryonic Development has a blind/complete gut, no mesoderm, and no distinct cleavage pattern:

Diploblastic

Acoelomates are Diploblastic:

False

Pseudocoelomates are Triploblastic:

True

Coelomate Deuterostomes are Triploblastic:

True

Coelomate Lophotrozoan Protosomes are Diploblastic:

False

This Embryonic Development has a blind/complete gut, Mesoderm fills Blastocoel, mouth first, and spiral cleavage:

Acoelomate

This Embryonic Development has no/complete gut, Mesoderm lines outer edge of Blastocoel, mouth first, and spiral cleavage:

Pseudocoelomate

Acoelomate and Pseudocoelomate are different, how?

Mesoderm fills the Blastocoel in Acoelomate and Mesoderm lines the outer edge of Blastocoel

This Embryonic Development has a complete gut, Coelom opens up Mesoderm via schizocoely, Mesodermal band fills Blastocoel, mouth first, and Spiral Cleavage:

Coelomate Lophotrozoan Protosome

This Embryonic Development has a complete gut, Mesoderm/Coelom form together, Anus first, and Radial Cleavage:

Coelomate Deuterostome

What kind of cell organization does Poriferas have?

Cellular Level of Organization

What is the benefit of the lack of germ layers?

It allows for more complex metazoans

All sponges are capable of giving rise to any other types of cells this means they are:

Totiponent

What cell forms the outer covering of the sponge?

Pinacocyte

What cell may phagocytize large food particles?

Pinacocyte

What means cell ingestion?

Phagocytize

What is the egg cell of a Porifera called?

Oocyte

What controls the water flow through the Ostia?

Porocytes

What delivers nutrients to cells and differentiate into other cell types?

Archeocytes

What secretes the silica spicules?

Sclerocytes

What generates water currents and filters food particles from water?

Choanocyte

What pores allow for inflow?

Ostia

What pores allow for outflow?

Oscula

Osculas are small pores:

False

There are very few Osculas in a sponge:

True

What is the gelatinous cellular layer of a sponge called?

Mesohyl

What system of body planning do Sponges use?

Canal Systems

What is the interior of a sponge lined with?

Choanocytes

What drives water current with flagellum and captures food?

Choanocytes

What kind of skeleton prevents collapse in Porifera?

Spicule Skeleton

How many types of canal systems are there?

3

What differs the canal systems from one another?

Their Complexity

What canal system is simple and mostly small and tubed shaped?

Asconoid

These two canal systems have a single spongocoel and osculum:

Asconoid and Syconoid

This canal system has water entering through pores into spongocoel which is lined with Choanocytes:

Asconoid

This canal system has the lining of the spongocoel folded back to make radial canals lined with chanocytes:

Syconoid

Which canal system is the most complex and promotes larger sizes?

Leuconoids

This canal system increases the proportion of flagellate cells relative to the total sponge’s volume:

Leuconoid

What canal system uses choanocyte-lined chambers and multiple oscula for outflow?

Leuconoid

What canal system doesn’t have a spongocoel?

Leuconoid

Most sponges have what kind of canal system?

Leuconoid

What maximizes filtration efficiency through increases of surface area?

Choanocyte

How much water can Poriferas filter?

3,000x their volume in 24 hours

What increases the surface area?

Folds or Internal intricacies

What are microscopic structural elements?

Spicules

What are protein fibers in a Porifera?

Spongins

What stiffens collagen?

Spicules and Spongins

How do Porifera reproduce?

Asexually and Sexually

How do Porifera reproduce asexually?

Through bud formation

What can Porifera do with fragments?

Produce viable adults

Do Porifera have male or female gametes?

Both

What refers to an organism with two sex organs?

Hermaphrodites

How is sperm distributed through sexual reproduction of a Porifera?

It is shed into the water

What do Zygotes develop into?

Ciliated larvae

What is released into the water, settled and developed into a sponge?

Ciliated Larvae

Do Porifera have the ability to repair injuries and regenerate lost parts?

Yes

What made Porifera so successful since they are soft bodied?

Toxins, Resilience, and ciliated larvae

When do Porifera release toxins?

When a predator takes a bite of them

What do toxins generally do to defend Porifera?

It makes them taste bad, kills or sickens the predator

What canal system is this?

Asconoid

What canal system is this?

Syconoid

What canal system is this?

Leuconoid

What is this?

The Oscula

What are these?

Choanocytes

What is this?

The Choanocyte Chamber

What kind of siliceous spicules is this?

Hexactinellida

What kind of siliceous spicules is this?

Demospongiae

What is this?

Spongin

What is this?

Calcareous