Jeppesen Chapter 1c: Introduction to Human Factors

Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

Is defined as the art and science of managing all the resources (both onboard the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot
(prior to and during flight)

Helping pilots learn how to
gather Information, Analyze it, and make Decisions

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

The foundation of SRM training. Includes these six concepts:
1. Aeronautical Decision Making
2. Risk Management
3. Task Management
4. Situational Awareness
5. Controlled Flight into Terrain Awareness
6. Automation Management

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

Systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation.

ADM Process

1. Recognize Change
2. Define the Problem
3. Choose a course of action
4. Implement your decision
5. Evaluate the outcome

I'm safe checklist

1. Illness
2. Medication
3. Stress
4. Alcohol
5. Fatigue
6. Eating
7. Emotion

Hazardous Attitudes

(AIM IR) Anti-authority; Impulsivity; Macho; Invulnerability; Resignation

Learner-centered Grading

Evaluate your performance with instructor and resolve any differences in your assessments before creating a plan for improvement.

Risk Management

Involves the following elements: the pilot, the aircraft, the environment, and type of operations.

PAVE

Pilot
Aircraft
enVironment
External Pressures

5Ps

Pilot
Passengers
Plane
Programming - Check Avionics airworthiness, operation, and configuration
Plan

Task Management

Involves planning and prioritizing tasks to avoid work overload, identifying and using resources to accomplish tasks, and managing distractions.

Checklists

Resources that help you manage distractions while performing procedures.

Do-list

Read the checklist item and the associated action then perform the action

Flow pattern

guides you through the cockpit in a logical order as you perform each step without the written checklist

Situational Awareness

accurate perception of all the operational and environmental factors that affect flight safety before, during, and after the flight.

Emergency Checklist

Perform critical tasks from memory and then refer to the checklist to manage specific emergencies, such as an engine failure.

SAFETY Briefing

Regulations require explaining to passengers how to fasten and unfasten safety belts, shoulder harness, and when they must be fastened.
Safety Belts (surface, takeoff, and landing)
Air vents
Fire extinguisher
Egress (and Emergencies)
Traffic and Talking
Your questions

Takeoff Briefing

Wind direction and velocity
Runway length
Takeoff distance
Initial heading
Initial altitude
Takeoff and climb speeds
Departure procedures
Emergency plan

Before landing briefing

Airport information and weather conditions
Active runway
Terrain and obstacles
Airport elevation and pattern altitude
Traffic pattern entry

controlled flight into terrain

CFIT happens when an aircraft, which is airworthy and under the control of the flight crew, is flown unintentionally into terrain, obstacles or water, usually without the crew being aware.

Automation Management

Applies to an airplane with an advanced avionics system that includes digital displays, GPS Equipment, a moving map, and an integrated autopilot.

Equipment operating level 1

Control the airplane manually and use the minimum equipment necessary to perform procedures

Equipment operating level 2

Use the autopilot to help manage workload, but manually control the airplane at times. In addition, use the flight environment avionics information to enhance situational awareness and to make effective decisions.

Equipment operating level 3

Control the airplane primarily by autopilot. Use a wide variety of avionics tools, including navigation and flight planning information to manage workload and maintain an increased level of SA.

Motion Sickness

Also known as airsickness, caused by the brain receiving conflicting messages about the state of the body.

Stress

Defines as the body's response to physical and psychological demands placed upon it.

Fatigue

Extreme tiredness, exhaustion. Degraded attention and concentration, impaired coordination, and decreased ability to communicate.

Depressants

Drugs that reduce body functionality. Lower blood pressure, reduce mental processing, and slow motor and body reaction responses. Tranquilizers, motion sickness medication, stomach medication, decongestants, antihistamines, and alcohol are all these.

Alcohol

FAR regulates your Blood Alcohol Level be less than .04% and 8 hours pass between drinking and piloting an aircraft. Most pilots wait 12 hours, and most commercial airlines require 24 hours.

Stimulants

Drugs that excite the nervous system and produce an increase in alertness and activity.

Timelines for reporting to FAA Civil Aviation Security Division for DWI

No later than 60 days