Nutritions, Feeds, and Formulations

Cereal grains and other by-products

Examples

• corn

• Wheat

• Oat

• Barley

• Grains

Protein Supplements

Examples:

• fishmeal

• Meat & milk products

• Peanut and sunflower meal

• Soybean meal

Mineral Supplements

Examples:

• bone meal

• Limestone

• Oyster shell

Starter

Types of poultry feed for layers

• 0-6 weeks

Chick grower

Types of poultry feed for layers

• 6-12 weeks

Pullet developer

Types of poultry feed for layers

• 12-20 weeks

Layer mash 1

Types of poultry feed for layers

• 20-40 weeks

Layer Mash 2

Types of poultry feed for layers

• 40 weeks to 2 years

Selenium

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• beak deformities

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• curled toea paralysis

Vitmamin B7 (Biotin)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

-syndactyly

Vitamin E (tocopherol) and Selenium

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• exudative diathesis

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• wet fowl pox lesion

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• nyctalopia / night blindness

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• xeropthalmia / abnormal dryness of eye

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• bleeding disorders

Manganese

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• perosis

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin A (Retinol) / Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• polyneurities

Vitamin A (Retinol) / Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• stargazing

Calcium

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• osteoporosis & hypocalcemia

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• pernicious anemia

Manganese

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• poor hatchability

Vitamin B9 (folic acid), B12 (cyanocobalamin), and Iron

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• anemia

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• poor feathering

Hypokalemia

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• overall muscle weakness

Calcium/ hypocalcemia

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• Double yolks

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Nutritional Disorders of Poultry

• footpad dermatitis

Copra Meal

By product of Coconut Oil is

Fats & Oils

• locally sourced

• Not only a source of energy but also controls dustiness of feeds

• imparts sweet smelling odor

Fats & Oils

• rich in viramin E (antioxidants)

• Complimentary fatty acids

• Imparts attractive color to feeds

Coconut Oil

Obtained from dried copra by either expeller (mechanical press) or solvent (using chemical hexane) extraction process

Ethoxyquin

coconut oil adds anti-oxidants such as ________ at 125 grams/ton of oil

Amino Acids

______ _____ are assembled by the animal to produce meat or eggs

excess _____ _____ are excretedd in the feces

Fishmeal and Soybean Meal

main sources of protein in the feed

Soybean Meal

Produced after grinding in the soybean to extract soybean oil

Full-fat Soybean

• protein content is around 35% since the oil has not been removed.

Blood Meal

• imparts dark color to feeds; spray-dried, high protein, 99.9% salmonella free

Vitamins

Group of compounds with various functions in the body

Vitamins

• Reauired in small quantities for normal function

• Sensitive to environmental conditions such as light, moisture, temprature, and mineral elements

Fat Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin K

Water - Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin B1

• Vitamin B2

• Vitamin B6

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin C

• Biotin

• Folic Acid

• Niacin

• Pantothenic Acid

• Choline

High Nutrient Density

_______ _______ ______ diets are usedd to maximize feed efficiency

Chickens, ducks, quails

The poultry species that are commercially raised in the tropica are _____ (broilers and layers), ____, and _____

Turkeys, geese, pigeons

_____, ____, and _____ are likewise raised in small flocks under traditional feeds and feeding systems.

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Energy is derived from _____, ____, and ____.

Carbohydrates

Main energy source for poultry

Fats

Serves as a concentrated source of energy

2.25

Carbon content is ____ concentrated in fats compared to carbs.

Proteins

Forms important structural parts of the soft tissues of the animal body such as

• muscles

• Connective tissue

• Collage,

• Skin

• Feathers

• Naul

• Horny portion of the beak

Blood proteins, albumin, globulins

Helps maintain homeostasis, regulate osmotic pressures, and act as “reserve” supply of amino acids and many other functions.

Fibrinogen, thromboplastin

Involved in blood clotting

Lipoproteins

Transports fat-soluble vitamins and other fat metabolites.

Lipoproteins

Occurs in the cell membranes where they are essential structural features

Phenylalanine

Tyrosine is synthesized fom _____

Methionine

Cystine is synthesized from ____

Lysine

Hydroxylysine is synthesized from ____

Urine

Water soluble vitamins are excreted in ____

Feces

Fat Soluble Vitamins are excreted in _____

13

Poultry requires at least ___ inorganic elements for proper nutrition

minerals

• basic components of bones

• 99% of bones are _____

• Regulate important functions in the body

Calcium

Muscle contraction is regulated by ____

Iron

Blood contains ____ that carries oxygen

Phosphorus

______ involved in brain functions and energy utilizations

calcium & phosphorus

• required in major parts for the formation of skeletal structures of the body

• these elements are needed in large amounts

Sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphates, bicarbonates

Required to maintain homeostasis such as necessary osmotic pressur and optimum pH

Structural Elements

Classification of Nutritionally Essential Inorganic Elements

• calcium

• Phosphorus

Homeostatic Elements

Classification of Nutritionally Essential Inorganic Elements

• sodium

• Potassium

• Chlorine

Trace Elements

Classification of Nutritionally Essential Inorganic Elements

• Magnesium

• Manganese

• Zinc

• Iron

• Copper

• Molybdenum

• Selenium

• Iodine

Broilers

Fast-growing birds raised primarily for meat production

3,000

Energy in kcal/kg for booster (0-2 weeks)

3,000

Energy in kcal/kg for Starter (3-4 weeks)

29,000

Energy in kcal/kg for Finisher (5-6 weeks)

Phase Feeding

_____ _____ done for layers during the laying period for efficient and economical use of the feeds

2,850

Nutrient Specifications for Egg-Type Chickens

• energy in kcal/kg for starter (0-6 weeks)

2,750

Nutrient Specifications for Egg-Type Chickens

• energy in kcal/kg for grower (6-12 weeks)

2,750

Nutrient Specifications for Egg-Type Chickens

• energy in kcal/kg for Developer (12-18 weeks)

2,800

Nutrient Specifications for Egg-Type Chickens

• energy in kcal/kg for Layer 1 (18-42 weeks)

2,800

Nutrient Specifications for Egg-Type Chickens

• energy in kcal/kg for Layer 2 (42 weeks - cull)

Vitamins and Micro Minerals

• in premix form

• Being produced at premix plant

Proximate (protein, fiber, fat, moisture, etc.)

First to be evaluated in lab analysis

Minerals

Second to be evaluated in lab analysis

Others such as mycotoxins, salmonella, etc.

Third to be evaluated in lab analysis

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

• mainly determines amino acid content of material

Total Specifications of Amino Acids

TSAA meaning

Booster

Nutrient soecification for broiler type chicken

• 0-2 weeks

Starter

Nutrient soecification for broiler type chicken

• 3-4 weeks

Finisher

Nutrient soecification for broiler type chicken

• 5-6 weeks