unit 1 parasites

what is the common name for spirocera lupi

esophageal worm

what is the phylum for spirocera lupi

Nematode

what is the DH, IH and PH

dogs and cats

eating dung beetle

chicken, reptile, rabbits, rodents

how do they get infected with esophagel worm

eating a dung beetle or a paratenic host like chickens, reptiles, rabbits, or rodents

what are the clinical signs of Esophageal worm how is it diagnosed

Dysphagia, chronic vomiting, persistent cough, and salivation.

Hx, fecal float

what is the treatment for Esophageal worm

is it zoonotic

Doramectin, excision of nonmetastatic neoplasms,

not zoonotic.

what is the life cycle of - Esophageal worm

esophagus lay eggs that pass in feces. Dung beetles (IH) eat the feces, and larvae develop inside them. Paratenic hosts like birds or lizards may eat the beetles. Dogs ( DH) become infected by swallowing a beetle or paratenic host. Larvae hatch in the stomach, migrate to the esophagus, which takes 3 months, and lay eggs, restarting the 6-month life cycle.

what is the common name for Physaloptera spp

stomach worm

What is the phylum for stomach worm

nematode

what is the DH, IH, and PH

dogs and cats

don’t know

don’t know

how do they get infected with stomach worm

animal eat infected IH

what are the clinical signs of stomach worm

how is it diagnosed

vomiting, weight loss, coughing, tarry feces, death ( parasite dose suck blood)

eggs in feces ( sediment). smooth thick shelled or via endoscopy and you can see them

what is the treatment for stomach worms

is it zoonotic

ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate

yes but rarely

whay is the life cycle of sotmach worms

indirect life cycle. Adult worms live in the stomach of dogs and cats and lay eggs that pass out in the feces. IH eat the eggs, where the larvae develop. The dog or cat becomes infected by eating the infected IH. The larvae are released in the stomach, mature into adults, and begin laying eggs, restarting the cycle.

what is the common name for Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, tocascaris leonia

what is their phylum

round worms

nematode

what is the DH, IH, PH of roundworms

dogs and cats

dont have

rodents and birds

how do they get infected with round worms

dog or cat eats the infected feces from another animal, they will get it, or by waiting a PH that was infected or getting it from transplacental or transmammary mom to pup

what are the clinical signs of roundworms

how is it diagnosed

abdominal discomfort in pups/kittens, vomiting, diarrhea poor haircoat

clincal signs, eggs in feces

What is the treatment for round worms

is it zoonotic

pyrantal

yes

what is the life cycle of round worms

All three have a direct life cycle. Adult worms live in the small intestine and lay eggs that pass in the feces. The eggs become infective in the environment. The dog or cat becomes infected by eating infective eggs or a paratenic host. The larvae develop and eventually become adults in the small intestine

What is the common name for Baylisascaris procyonis

what is the phylum

raccoon round worms

nematodes

what is the DH IH and PH of raccoon round worms

dogs and raccoon

humans

rats

how do they get infected with raccoon round worm

eating infected feces or inhaling it

what is the clinical signs of raccoon roundworm?

how is it diagnosed

ataxia, head tilt, tremors, blindness, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea

fecal float

what is the treatment for raccoon round worm

is it zoonotic

fenbendazole

yes

what is the common name for ancylostama caninum ( canine) Ancylostama tubaeformae ( Cat)

what is the phylum

hookworms

nematodes

what is the Dh, IH and PH hookworms

dogs and cats

none

none

how do they get infected with hook worms

Congestion of a hatched larva, mucosal migration, tracheal migration, and transmammary ( dogs only) and percutaneous. They do suck blood

what are the clinical signs of hookworms

how are they diagnosed

pale MM, Ascites, stunted growth, bloody diarrhea, death

Find eggs in feces in a float; rule out parvo

what is the treatment for hookworms

is it zoonotic

Fenbendazole (Panacur), Febantel, Ivermectin, strongin

yes

what is the common name Taenia Spp

what is its phylum

small intestine tapeworm

Platyhelminthes

what is the DH, IH, and PH of small intestine tapeworm

dogs cats humans

sheep cattle swine rodents humans

none

how do they get infected with small intestine tapeworm

The DH host eats intermediate host tissue, the tapeworm then embeds into intestine

what are the clinical signs of a small intestine tapeworm

how is it diagnosed

seeing eggs in feces, scooting

Seeing tapeworm segments in the feces

what is the treatment for small intestine tapeworm is it zoonotic

Praziquantel and Epsiprantel

yes

what is the life cycle of the small intestine tapeworm

Gravid( mature/egg making) segments are eaten by IH rabbits, sheep, rodents, humans, and cattle. Where they migrate to the desired organ and mature, and then a DH dogs and cats eat the infected IH tissue.

what is the common name for Dipylidium Caninum

what is its phylum

flea tapeworm

Platyhelminthes

what is the DH , IH and PH

dogs and cats

fleas

none

how do they become infected with flea tapeworm

when they ingest an infected flea during grooming. The flea contains the infective larval stage (cysticercoid). Once the flea is swallowed, the larva develops into an adult tapeworm in the small intestine.

what are the clinical signs of flea tapeworm

how is it diagnosed

scooting or licking rear end; you can see segments on the anus rule out anal glands

fecal float seeing the rice in feces

how are flea tapeworms treated

are they zoonotic

Praziquantel or epsiprantel

yes

what is the life cycle of the flea tapeworm

Gravid( mature/egg making) segments are eaten by an IH flea, where they migrate to the desired organ and mature; then a DH dogs , cats, and humans eat the infected IH tissue.

What is the common name for Alaria spp and Nanophytes Salmincola

what is its phylum

flukes

Platyhelminthes

what is the DH IH and Paratenic host

dogs and cats

( Alaria)- snail, frog ( salmincola)- salmonid fish

can use birds and reptiles ( Alaria only)

What are the clinical signs of flukes how are they diagnosed

Coughing ( cause most damage from migrating through the lungs,)little damage to GI tract

find a large operculated egg in feces

what is the treatment for flukes

Praziquantel, if it's salmincola they need to be treated with antibiotics or they will die

yes

what is the life cycle of flukes

Adult flukes live in the small intestine of dogs and other definitive hosts. Eggs pass in feces and hatch in water. The larvae infect a snail (1st IH), then move into a frog/tadpole (2nd IH) or salmonid fish for salmincola. Alaria can also infect paratenic hosts such as birds, snakes, or mammals. Dogs/cats become infected by eating an infected frog or paratenic host or by eating an infected salmonid fish. The flukes mature in the intestine.

what is the common name for Cytoisospora

what is its phylum

Coccidia

Apicomplex

what is the DH, IH and PH for Coccidia

dogs and cats

none

none

what are the clinical signs of Coccidia

how is it diagnosed

watery/ mucoid diarrhea, may have blood in it, severe abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting

centrifugal fecal float

what is the treatment for coccidia

is it zoonotic

what is its PPP

Ponazuril, Albon

no

8-11 days after ingestion

what is the life cycle of Coccidia

Sporocyst is ingested and the sporocyst releases sporozoites, and each zoite invades an epithelial cell, the zoite change into trophozoites and forms a schizont. Schizonts produce merozoites. Merozoites burst out of the cells and invade other epithelial cells; the final merozoites enter another intestinal cell and develop into male/female; then they make oocysts and release them into the SI to be defecated and infect another host

what is the common name for Toxoplasma gondii

what is its phylum

toxoplasmosis

Apicomplexa

what is the DH, IH and PH of Toxoplasmosis

cats only

Any warm-blooded animal including cats

none

what are the clinical signs of toxoplasmosis

how is it diagnosed

most infections are subclinical; you won’t know you have it

finding oocysts in fecal float

what is the treatment for toxoplasmosis

it is zoonotic

what is its PPP

no approved treatment; azithromycin and ponazuril have helped

yes

3-10 days

What is the life cycle for toxoplasmosis

oocysts are shed in the feces and sporulate 1-5 days after being shed. ( can survive up to 18 months), Sporulated oocysts are infective once digested by IH; oocysts release sporozoites, sporozoites invade layers of the epithelium, tachyzoites are spread through the portal circulation all through the body; now this IH is a chronic carrier for life; they will never shed oocysts. Once they ingest infected tissue, they can only shed infective oocysts for up to 5 weeks

what is the common name for Giardia

what is its phylum

Giardiasis

Metamonada its a portozoan

what is the DH IH and PH of Giardiasis

dogs, cats, humans

none

none

what are the clinical signs of Giardiasis

how is it diagnosed

Diarrhea, growth retardation, flatulence, emaciation. Get from contaminated food or water

ZnSO4 flotation for cysts ( centrifugation) after an hour of sitting they will sink, there is an ELISA test for it

what is the treatment for Giardiasis

is it zoonotic

what is its PPP

fenbendazole, febantel, metronidazole- used but it is resistant to it; on the last day of treatment for Giardia, the animal must be bathed to they can reinfect themselves.

yes

7-14 days

what is the life cycle of Giardiasis

cysts infective immediately when passed. Trophozoites excyst in upper SI, then attach to microvilli, then multiply via binary division