Clinical Nursing Guidelines, Isolation Precautions, and Maslow's Hierarchy

Vocabulary flashcards based on clinical nursing guidelines for Fowler's positions, disease-specific isolation recommendations, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Low Fowler's Position

Bed elevation of $15\circ - 30\circ$, utilized for gentle rest and mild reflux relief.

Semi-Fowler's Position

Bed elevation of $30\circ - 45\circ$; the most recommended position for sleeping with COPD/CHF and for VAP prevention.

Standard Fowler's Position

Bed elevation of $45\circ - 60\circ$, utilized for eating, breathing, and daily activities.

High Fowler's Position

Bed elevation of $60\circ - 90\circ$, utilized for acute dyspnea, tube feeding, and post-procedure care.

Orthopneic / Tripod Position

Position indicated for severe COPD or asthma exacerbation.

Supine vs. $45\circ$ Elevation Pneumonia Rate

Pneumonia occurs in $34\%$ of supine patients compared to $8\%$ of patients at $45\circ$ elevation.

Standard Precautions

Isolation recommendations applied for CMV, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and Aspergillosis.

Contact Precautions

Isolation recommendations applied for MRSA (mask if respiratory infection), VRE, Adenovirus, E coli 0157, Enterovirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Diarrhea, C. Difficile, Rotavirus, Hepatitis A, Herpes simplex, Parainfluenza (mask if coughing), RSV (mask if productive cough), Lice, Scabies, localized Herpes Zoster (shingles), and symptomatic Chicken pox (until all lesions are crusted and dried).

Droplet Precautions

Isolation recommendations applied for Pertussis, Influenza A or B, MRSA (respiratory infection), suspected or confirmed Neissera meningitides, Coxsackie, Bacterial meningitis (for $24\,\text{hours}$ after effective antibiotic therapy), RSV (droplet and contact), Mumps, and Rubella.

Airborne Precautions

Isolation recommendations requiring an N-95 Mask, applied for Chicken pox, Disseminated herpes zoster (shingles), Measles, Tuberculosis, SARS, and Avian influenza.

Physiological Needs

Basic human needs in Maslow's hierarchy including air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction, breathing, sex, homeostasis, and excretion.

Safety Needs

Basic human needs in Maslow's hierarchy including personal security, employment, resources, health, property, security of body, of morality, and of the family, which nurses attend to for clients, health care workers, themselves, and visitors.

Love and Belonging Needs

Human needs in Maslow's hierarchy encompassing friendship, intimacy, family, sexual intimacy, and a sense of connection.

Esteem Needs

Human needs in Maslow's hierarchy encompassing respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom, confidence, achievement, respect of others, and respect by others.

Self-Actualization Needs

The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy representing the desire to become the most that one can be, encompassing morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts.