HNES 465 Exam 1
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26 Terms
What were A.V. Hill’s contributions?
Oxygen debt hypothesis
Mechanical efficiency of muscle
Models for heat production in muscle
What does ACSM stand for?
American College of Sports Medicine
What does NSCA stand for?
National Strength & Conditioning Association
What two of the most common places to get certifications?
ACSM and NSCA
What are the three major macronutrients that provide energy?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
What are the three major carbohydrate categories?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What are the three different monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What is glucose also known as?
Dextrose or blood sugar
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What are the major functions of glucose?
cell use for energy
stores as glycogen in muscle and liver
converts to fat for energy storage
provides carbon skeletons to synthesize nonessential amino acids
What three disaccharides contain glucose?
Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
What is sucrose made of?
Glucose and fructose
What is lactose made of?
Glucose and galactose
What is maltose made of?
Glucose and glucose
What are the plant polysaccharides?
Starch and Fiber
What is cellulose?
the most abundant organic molecule
What is the recommended amount of fiber for men?
38 g/d
What is the recommended amount of fiber for women?
25 g/d
What is glycogen?
a few hundred to thousand glucose molecules
Muscle glycogen
major carbohydrate energy source for active muscle during physical activity
Liver glycogen
reconverts to glucose for transport back to muscle
What are the primary functions that carbohydrates serve?
energy source, protein sparer, metabolic primer/prevents ketosis, fuel for central nervous system
What is glycogenesis?
Glycogen synthesis from glucose (glucose → glycogen)
What is gluconeogenesis?
Glucose synthesis occurs largely from structural components of noncarbohydrate nutrients (protein → glucose)
What is glycogenolysis?
Glucose formation from glycogen (glycogen → glucose)