Organic Chemistry(real)

Hydrocarbons

any compound which only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Homologous series

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have similar chemical properties due to them having the same functional group.

What is alkane

An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon.

first for alkane

1carbon- Methane

2 carbon- Ethane

3 carbon - Propane

4 carbons - Butane

General formila

Cn H2n+2

3 properties of short hydrocarbons

Volatile- low boiling point.
Runny - low viscosity( not thick and gloopy) ,
Flammable

Main use of short chain alkanes

Short chain alkanes are used primarily as fuels

Why hydrocarbons use as fules

Hydrocarbons release a ;arge amount of energy when combusted.

Flammability

Flammability refers to how easily a substance combusts. If a substance is very flammable it means it is easy to burn and catches fire easily.

Viscosity

How thick or runny a liquid is,

Gernal question for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon + oxygen ——→ carbon dioxide + water(+energy)

Cracking

Cracking is the process by which longer chain hydrocarbons are split into shorter more useful hydrocarbons.

What type of reaction Cracking is

Thermal decomposition reaction.

WHat catalust is used in catalytic caracking

hot powdered aluminum 

How cataytic cracking works

Catalytic cracking works by heating long-chain hydrocarbons to a high temperature so they vaporise. The vapour is passed over a hot catalyst, causing the long molecules to break into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. This produces alkanes and alkenes.

isomers

two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

Alcohols

Alcohols are a homologous series of compounds that have (OH) funtional group

Gerneral formula for alchols

Cn H2n+1 OH

4 properties of alchols

1. They are flammable.
   2. They are all soluble in water (with a netural pH)3. They react with sodium to form hydrogen.
   3. They react with sodium to form hydrogen.
   4. They oxidise to form carboxylic acids.
   

alcohols are use for?

1. Alcoholic drinks

2. Solvents

3. Fules

Ester

An ester is an organic compund foumed when an acid reacts with an alchol producing a substance that often has a sweet or fruity smells.

Ester link/Ester group function

Pleasant smells (sweet or fuity)
Volatile

how Esters become

Carboxylic acid+alcohol = Esters