Test Two Review

what is the primary method of respiratory infection transmission

aerosolized droplets

oral thrush etiology

candida albicans

dental caries etiology

strep. mutans

acute epiglottis etiology

h. flu

typical pneumonia characteristics

rapid onset, severe symptoms, productive cough, consolidated CXR

atypical pneumonia characteristics

slow onset, less severe symptoms, nonproductive cough, patchy CXR

community acquired pneumonia etiology

s. pneumoniae, h. flu

hospital acquired pneumonia etiology

pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebisella pneumoniae, and s. aureus

what is the main cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?

pseudomonas aerguinosa

aspiration pneumonia etiology

actinomyces spp.

atypical pneumonia etiology

mycoplasma pneumoniae

environmental pneumonia etiology

Legionella pneumophila, histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermitidis, & Coccidioides immitis

fungal pneumonia etiology

Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermitidis, & Coccidioides immitis

tuberculosis etiology

mycobacterium tuberculosis

opportunistic fungal infection etiology

aspergillus spp.

endocarditis

infection of the heart valves, typically by bacteria; can lead to valve destruction

pneumonia

LRT infection that begins in the alveoli and then spreads

myocarditis

infection in the heart muscle, typically by viruses

pericarditis

infection and inflammation of the pericardial sac, typically because of viral infections

line of events for the carditises

pericarditis to myocarditis to endocarditis

pericardium

triple-layered sac that encloses the heart

pericardial cavity

space filled with fluid that reduces friction between beating heart and outerwall

epicardium

visceral layer of serous pericardium

myocardium

bulk of heart made of contractile cardiac muscle

endocardium

simple epithelial layer deep to the myocardium that lines heart chambers, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with vessels

acute bacterial endocarditis etiology

typically S. aureus

subacute bacterial endocarditis etiology

typically viridans streptococcus such as S. mutans and S. sanguis

myocarditis etiology

Parvovirus B19, trypanosoma cruzi (protozoan), wuchereria bancrofti (nematode)

other causes of perdicarditis

enterovirus and s. aureus

pericarditis etiology

similar to common causes of myocarditis

intravascular catheter-related infections

cardiovascular infections that are because of infected catheters

source of catheter related infections

skin flora that migrate along catheter track, bacteria injected into the port, hematogenous spread

blood brain barrier

a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents solutes from crossing into the CNS

how do most microbes enter the CNS

via the bloodstream

meningitis

infection and swelling of the meninges

encephalitis

infection or inflammation of the cortex

viral etiology of meningitis

enterovirus, herpes simplex

bacterial etiology of meningitis

s. pneumonia, h. influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, listeria monocytogenes

most common cause of bacterial meningitis

s. pneumoniae

encephalitis general viral cause

arboviruses

poliomyelitis etiology

picornavirdiae

rabies etiology

rhabdoviridae

west nile virus etiology

flavivirdae

primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) etiology

naegleria fowleri

cryptococcus neoformans diseases

meningitis, meningoencephalitis

encephalitis etiology

picornaviridae, rhabdoviridae, flavivirdae, prions, cryptococcus neoformans, naegleria fowleri, arboviruses, MOSTLY VIRAL

osteomyelitis

infection of the bone or bone marrow that includes an inflammatory response

septic arthritis

infection of the synovial fluid within bone joints

osteomyelitis etiology

*s. aureus*, pseudomonas aeruginosa, s. pyogenes.

septic arthritis bacterial etiology

s. aureus, neisseria gonorrhoeae, streptococcus spp.