Biology Finals: Vocabulary

Coelomate

Coelomate

Space between the body cavity that allows the advanced development of organ systems such as circulation, excretion, and digestion.

Typically upper invertebrates and chordates

Non-coelomate/Acoelomate

No space between body cavities for organ systems.

Typically have a Gastrovascular Cavity/a bunch of cells instead

Pseudocoelomate

“false” body cavity. not lined like how coelomates are.

Typically nematodes

Endoskeleton

Inner skeleton.

Characteristic of vertebrates

Exoskeleton

Skeleton on the outside of an animal’s body made with chitin by the epidermis

Typically most upper invertebrates: mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods, etc.

Digestive System

process that breakdowns foods

those who DONT have one:

those who have a ONE WAY one: mollusks, nematodes (pseudocoelomate)

Circulatory System (Open/Closed)

Circulatory system: transportation of blood through body

Open: Blood can leave and soak through tissues until returning back to circulatory system veins (in small animals/mostly anything but chordates)

Closed: Blood remains in vessels and in the heart at all times (humans)

those who DONT have this: platytheminthes, nematodes,

Nervous System

controls movement, and feeling pain, emotion. central nervous system/dorsal brain=brain + skull (cephalization)

those who DONT have one: echinoderms (simple radial nervous system aka no brain) RMR STARFISH DONT THINK

Excretory System

poop and pee

those who DONT have one: apparently none

those who have a ONE WAY system: mollusks,

Respiratory Systems

bringing oxygen into body and remove carbon dioxide.

Most have this except: annelids, platytheminthes, nematodes (ALL WORMS!)

Arthropods do this through surface, gills, trachea (throat)

Hermaphroditic

Organisms with both male and female reproductive organs (gametes). sexual reproduction as both members must exchange gametes. cannot self fertilize

those who ARE: annelids, porferia, cnidarians, platytheminthes,

Cross Fertilization

the photo of the two earthworms sticking together and mating=hermaphroditic + sharing gametes by aligning their bodies

Water Vascular System

ONLY IN ECHINODERMS

canals that lead to the “tube feet.”

tube feet used for bringing in water (respiratory), feeding and movement

Dioecious

Separate sexes. Male produces sperm (male gametes), female produces eggs (female gametes)

Opposite of hermaphroditic

Gonads

Reproductive organs (sex cells)

testes=male gonads

ovaries=female gonads

Gastrovascular Cavity

Body cavity. One opening

gastro=digests and absorbs nutrients

vascular=circulatory system that moves nutrients around body

Cephalization

nerve cells at one region of an organisms making a “head”

develops into a brain

Identify Chordates

All animals with backbones.

Ex. frogs, toads, salamanders, reptiles, birds, mammals

Identify Upper Invertebrates

Annelids (segmented worms like earthworms and leeches)

Mollusks (squishy things like snails, slugs, clams, oysters, mussels, octopus, squid, cuttlefish)

Arthropods (Joined appendages like centa/millipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, barnacles, lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp)

Echinoderms (spiny skin like starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber)

Identify Lower Invertebrates

Porferia (Seasponges)

Cnidarians (stinging needles like jellyfish, anemones)

Platytheminthes (flat worms)

nematodes (roundworms)

heterotrophic

eat others

autotrophic

make their own food (photosynthesizers)

metabolic

chemical reactions in cells to sustain life.

energy production, nutrition, waste removal, etc. basically js life processes

binary fission

type of asexual reproduction.

mitosis. cell divides into two identical daughter cells