GCSE Edexcel B RE Islam

What percentage of Muslims are Shia?

20%

What are the 10 obligatory acts?

Shias most important dutys, based on holy scriptures, some relate to individual faith and some to community.

Why are the 10 obligatory acts important?

-It is a way to show their dedication to their faith, not just through words.
-brings Shia Muslims together
-helps them will challenges

Who do Shi'a Muslims believe Muhammad appointed as his successor?

Ali bin Abi Talib, Muhammad's cousin

What is Salah?

5 times daily ritual prayers

What is Sawm?

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

What is Hajj?

Pilgrimage to Mecca

What is Zakah?

Compulsory donation of 2.5% of a Muslim's spare income to charity

What is Khums?

20% tax on income

What is Jihad?

"Struggle in the way of God"

What is Nahi Anil Munkar?

Discouraging evil actions

What is Tawalla?

Association with good people

What is Tabarra?

Disassociation with evil people

What is Shahadah? (Pillar 1) NOT ACT

Declaration of faith in God and Muhammad as God's messenger

Fill in the SOWA (Shahadah):
'There is no God but ______ and Muhammed is his ________________'

'There is no God but Allah and Muhammed is his messenger'

When is Shahadah said?

When you become a Muslim
At birth and death
in prayers

What is Tawhid?

Oneness of God

What is Risalah?

Prophethood

What is the importance of Shahadah?

-Foundation of the Islamic faith (the other 4 Pillars are based on this)
-All Muslims believe the Shahadah, so it unites the Ummah
-Starting point of their religion
-Accepting it shows submission in God
-Shows dedication to their faith

Why must Muslims pray five times each day?

To show submission to God

When do Muslims pray?

before sunrise, midday, late afternoon, just after sunset, and between sunset and midnight.

Why do people face Mecca when they pray?

The Ka'aba is there and it symbolises the unity of the Ummah.

Fill in the SOWA:
"Turn thy _____ in the direction of the _______ Mosque, that is indeed the _____" Surah 2:149

"Turn thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque, that is indeed the truth" Surah 2:149

Why do Muslims pray?

Because God told them so, and Muslims believe that they will gain great self benefit from doing so

What is wudu?

Ritual washing before prayer

How do they do Salah at home?

Many Muslims have a special room which is kept ritually clean for prayer
They perform wudu In the bathroom and have prayer mats which are kept facing Makkah using a qibla compass

How do they do Salah at the Mosque?

Most mosques have a separate area for women to pray. In India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, it is common for women to pray at home

Why is prayer important for Muslims? (Allah)

It is a direct connection with Allah five times a day

Why is prayer important for Muslims? (Unity)

It shows the unity of the Ummah as every Muslim prays in Arabic, performing the same actions at the same
time and all facing towards Makkah

Why is prayer important for Muslims? (body)

It symbolizes the unity of the mind, body and the soul to be reverent & faithful to Allah

When can Muslims eat during Ramadan?

Muslims who are physically or mentally unwell may be excused some of these, as may those who are under twelve years old, the very old, those who are pregnant, breast-feeding, menstruating, or travelling.

What are the good reasons for Sawm?

-Obeying God (it is the fourth pillar)
-Learning self-discipline
-Becoming spiritually stronger
-Appreciating God's gifts to us
-Sharing the sufferings of the poor
-Giving thanks for the Holy Qur'an, (God's greatest gift for humanity) which was first revealed in the month of Ramadan.
-It unites and strengthens the Ummah
-It brings Muslim families together and strengthens their bonds

What is Laylat al-Qadr?

The Night of Power, celebrated remembering Muhammad receiving the first revelations of the Qur'an.
This happened during the final period of Ramadan(last 10 days).

Why is Laylat al-Qadr important?

-At the point, Muhammad realised he has been chosen
-It remembers and celebrates when the Qur'an was given to mankind
-Some Muslims believe it was the day Muhammad made his Night Journey to heaven (al Mi'raj) when God gave him details of Salah

Who must give Zakah?

All Muslims

What is Zakah given for?

Poverty, debt, travellers, ransom for prisoners of war

What is the importance of Zakah?

-Islam means peace
-It is a form of worship
-Charity is rewarded by Allah
-Muslims believe their money is not their own and belongs to Allah as it is bestowed on them by Him.

Fill in the SOWA:
"Whoever pays the ______ on his wealth will have its _____ removed from him".

"Whoever pays the zakah on his wealth will have its evil removed from him".

What is Nisab?

Amount of wealth you have to have before
paying zakah

Examples of Zakah?
Somalia
Pakistan

Somalia - Africa drought appeal
Pakistan - flood appeal, building Mosques

Who must give Khums?

Shi'a Muslims

What is the importance of Khums?

Serving others is part of the faith and it is more important to give than to receive

Who is given Khums and where does it go after that?

Given to the Mosque and distributed to schools, orphanages and any other religious causes

Fill in the SOWA:
'one-_____ of your ______ gains belong to God and the ______________'

'one-fifth of your battle gains belong to God and the Messenger'

Who must do Hajj?

All Muslims must try to do one in their lifetime during the month of Dhul-Hijjah.

What makes this pillar different to the others?

It isn't compulsory

What are some things Muslims do on Hajj?

-Walk 7x around the Kabah
-Stone Satan (3 pillars)
-Visit Mt Arafat (last sermon of Muhammed)

What are the rules of Hajj?

NO:
smoking
cutting nails or shaving
killing anything
engaging in marital actions

Why is Hajj important?

-Shows equality
-Unites the Muslims Ummah
-A spiritual place to visit drawing them closer to God.
-o follow the example of Muhammad

Fill in the SOWA:
'You shall _______ My house for those
who ______, those who live _______, and those who bow''

'You shall purify My house for those
who visit, those who live there, and those who bow''

What are the benefits of Hajj?

-Shows devotion to Allah by taking part in an expensive and physically demanding event
-Allows Muslims to trace the roots of their religion
-Strengthens their faith
-If a pilgrim dies on hajj they go straight to Jannah (heaven)

What are the challenges of Hajj?

-Can be very expensive
-Physically demanding
-Can be dangerous

What is Greater Jihad?

The way in which every Muslim makes a personal effort to follow the teachings of Allah and to stand against evil

Examples of Greater Jihad?

-Learning the Qur'an off by heart
-Working for social justice
-Forgiving those who have done you wrong
-To perform all 5 Pillars properly

What does Greater Jihad ensure?

Stops a Muslim becoming a hypocrite, it makes sure they practice Islam rather than just talking about it.

What is Jihad of the soul?

Striving to do good deeds an be a good person

What is Jihad of the tongue?

Striving to speak the truth and tell people about Islam

What is Jihad of the pen?

Writing about, or to defend, your beliefs

Fill in the SOWA:
'The __________ Jihad is to battle your own ______, to fight the ______ within yourself' (Muhammed)

'The greatest Jihad is to battle your own soul, to fight the evil within yourself' (Muhammed)

What is Lesser Jihad?

The outward struggle to defend Islam from threat

Fill in the SOWA:
"Fight in the case of ______ those who ________ you, but do not ___________ the limits'

"Fight in the case of God those who fight you, but do not overstep the limits'

What is the importance of Jihad?

- it appreciates the daily struggle against temptation
- it showcases resilience in keeping the five pillars
- shows the importance of resisting evil in the world
- its an act of sacrifice to allah

What is Id-ul-Adha?

Festival of sacrifice remembering Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail for Allah. It showed trust in God who then asked Ibrahim to sacrifice a ram instead

When does Id-ul-Adha happen?

At the end of Hajj emphasising its importance as it is linked to the 5 pillars

What happens in Id-ul-Adha?

Meat sacrificed at the festival is shared amongst family, friends and the needy.
Presents and cards are shared and extra money is donated to the poor.

What is Id-ul-Fitr?

The "festival of breaking the fast"

When does Id-ul-Fitr happen?

At the end of Ramadan

What is Id-ul-Ghadeer?

SHIA ONLY
It is celebrated to remember the leader Ali being made the successor of Muhammad, Shi'a Muslims believe that Muhammad announced Ali as the next leader of Islam and at that point Allah made Islam perfect.

How is Id-ul-Ghadeer celebrated?

They celebrate by sharing food with the poor and fasting

What is Ashura for Sunni Muslims?

Sunni Muslims look at Ashura as a day of "respect and gratitude'
They celebrate Ashura as the day when Prophet Moses (Musa) fasted because Allah saved the Israelites from their enemy in Egypt.

What is Ashura for Shia Muslims?

Shia Muslims believe that day to be a day of mourning and sorrow.
They observe Ashura as the day of martyrdom of
Husseini, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala.

What are the six beliefs of Islam?

Beliefs that are accepted by Sunni Muslims and (less so) Shia Muslims

What is Tawhid?

Belief in the oneness of Allah

What is Malaikah?

Belief in angels who give messages to prophets

What is the authority of kutub?

The main holy book for Muslims is the Quran, but they also recognise:
Sahifah (scrolls of Abraham and Moses),
the Tawrat (Torah),
Zabur (Psalms),
Injil (the Gospel)

What is Nubuwwah?

Belief in prophethood. These include:
Ibrahim (Abraham)
Musa (Moses)
Dawud (David)
Isa (Jesus)
Muhammad

What is belief in Al-Qadr?

Believe that Allah knows everything and knows what will happen, despite humans having freewill

What is Akirah?

Belief in after death. They accept that on the Day of Judgement, every human will be judged by Allah on their actions on Earth.

What is the importance of the Six Beliefs?

Unite all Sunni Muslims
Help Sunni Muslims understand their religion better
Support Sunni Muslims in how they should live their lives
Support what beliefs they should have

How are the six beliefs of Islam expressed today?

Muslims recite the belief one oneness in their prayers each day
They look to the Quran for advice to help them understand their faith better
The fact that they believe they will be judged on their actions after death means they are more aware of their actions

What are the five roots of 'Usul ad-Din?

Beliefs that are accepted by Shia Muslims

Which roots are the same as the six Beliefs?

Tawhid
Nubuwwah

What is Adl?

Divine justice - Allah is understood to be fair and just in the way he treats everything

What is Imamah?

Successors to Muhammad
The belief that Allah appointed imams or leaders to guide humanity and be a source of authority

What is Mi'ad?

The belief that all humans will be judged by Allah on their actions after death

What do most Shia Muslims believe about imams after Muhammad's death

That there were 12, known as Twelvers.
Some believe there were 7, known as Seveners

Fill in the SOWA:
He neither begets nor is_____, Nor is there to Him any _____________ (Surah 112)

He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent (Surah 112)

How many characteristics of Allah are shown in the Quran?

8

Describe Tawhid:

Muslims only accept 1 God
This is the most fundamental belief of the religion

Fill in the SOWA: Worship _______ and avoid Taghut (Surah 16:36)

Worship Allah and avoid Taghut (Surah 16:36)

Describe Immanence:

The idea that Allah is close and involved within the world

Describe Transcendence:

The idea that Allah is above and beyond human understanding. It can be hard for Muslims to fully understand Allah.

Describe omnipotence:

The idea that Allah is more powerful than anything in existence

Describe beneficence:

The idea that Allah is caring and loves his creation

Describe fairness and justice:

The idea that Allah is fair and just and will judge humans after death in this way. Muslims believe Allah judges people in a fair and unbiased way.

Describe Adalat:

Allah is equitable and just. He created the world in a fair way and will judge humans this way too. ONLY SHIA

Muslims believe that by knowing what Allah is like they can:

Understand him better
Follow the way he wants them to live their lives
Strengthen their relationship with Allah
Encourage Muslims to strive to be better as this is what they believe Allah wants

Fill in the SOWA: The most _________ names belong to Allah: so call on _____ by them (Surah 7:180)

The most beautiful names makes belong to Allah: so call on him by them (Surah 7:180)

What does Islam teach about prophets (Risalah)?

There have been many prophets who have acted as messengers to Allah

What did Ibrahim do and what does it show to Muslims?

Tried to encourage the worship of Allah and was willing to sacrifice his son to show his faith to Allah
Muslims should submit to Allah in their lives