Chemistry: Chapter 1 - Classification of Matter

Beginning of General Chem

Natural Chemical

substances that occur/exist in nature

Synthetic Chemical

artificial or man made in a lab

Element

Simplest form of matter unique characteristics

Prefixes for elements

Mono - one

Di - two

Tri - three

Poly - Many, multiple, more than 1

Homonuclear

Only one type of atom that bond, where atom or element types are the same

Heteronuclear

Different atoms that bond, where atoms or element types are not the same

Compound

2 or more compound types that are chemically bonded

Properties Aka Chemical Properties

Characteristic of a chemical trait that can be observed/examined

Physical properties

NO change in chemical identity

Easiest way to identify is with senses

Malleable, lustourus, ductile, tensile strength, toxic

Chemical Properties

Change in chemical identity

New substances are formed

Flammable, reactivity, combustibility

Separation by Physical Means

Method of separating a mixture without changing its chemical identity

Separation by Chemical Means

Method of separating a single/individual compound AND changing its chemical identity

Transmutation

When one element transforms into another element

Nomenclature

System of chemical naming compounds by their bonding type

“Nomen” = name

“Clature” = to call

Reactants (symbol R with circle)

Substances that undergo change

Written before the change arrow in an equation

Product (symbol P with circle)

New substance formed from change

Written after the change arrow in an equation

Change arrow / Reaction Arrow (shown by arrow(s))

Shows the rearrangement of atoms from one structure to another

Word Equation

word representation of chemical equation; includes heat energy

Formula eq. or skeleton eq. or unbalanced eq.

Missing coefficient

Only chem formulas

Symbolic representation of chem reaction

Chemical Equation or balanced equation

Complete representation of a chemical equation in the form of symbols and formulas and coefficients

Law of Conservation of Matter or Mass

under gender chemical conditions, matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but is rather conserved

matter is rearranged or transformed into other substances, so the structure changes, but the atom type is the same

Element formation

All elements start as stardust

Lighter elements, less than irons mass, are formed from star core’s fusion

Heavier elements, greater than irons mass, are formed from start’s explosion

Names for Physical Change/Importance

Boiling, melting, freezing, filtration, distillation, chromatography, sublimation

Used to separate mixtures into pure substances; NOT compounds into elements

Names for Chemical change(reaction) /Importance

Formation, burning, combustion, digestion, rusting, etc.

Results in formation of at least one new substance

Indicator of Chemical change

Formation of Gas

Formation of Precipitate (PPT)

Energy change (Heat, cold, light)

Color change

[MAYBE] Odor or sound change

Homogenous Mixture

2 Substances NOT chemically bonded to each other with mostly uniform distribution; can vary composition

Heterogeneous Mixture

2 Substances NOT chemically bonded to each other with mostly non-uniform distribution; can vary composistion

Varying Composistion

Mixtures - Can vary composition

Compounds - Cannot vary composition

Element - Cannot vary composition