Astronomy: Myth and Science

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29 Terms

1

Anaximander of Miletus

He produced attempts to explain the science of the universe.

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2

Pythagoras

He established a school in Croton and promoted the idea of a cosmos in which bodies move in perfect spheres.

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3

Aristotle

In his On the Heavens, he outlined an Earth-centered model of the universe. Many of his ideas will dominate thinking for 2,000 years.

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4

On the Heavens

In this writing of Aristotle, he outlined an Earth-centered model of the universe.

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5

Aristarchus of Samos

He proposes a sun-centered model of the universe, but his concept is not widely accepted.

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6

Eratothenes of Alexandria

He calculated the distance to the sun by measuring the circumference of the Earth.

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7

Ptolemy

He wrote the Almagest, setting out an Earth-centered model of the universe that which are widely accepted.

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8

Aryabhata of Aryabhatiya

An Indian astronomer, claims that the stars move across the sky because the Earth rotates..

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9

Ibn al-Haytham

He creates a work that criticizes the complexity of the Ptolemaic model of the universe.

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10

Gerard of Cremona

He made Arabic texts, including the Almagest, which made it accessible in Europe and translated them to Latin.

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11

Guo Shoujing

A Chinese astronomer, he determined the length of the solar year with precision.

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12

Ulugh Beg

A Mongol Rule, corrected many of the postions of stars found in the Almagest.

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13

Nicolaus Copernicus

His book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is published, outlining a sun-centered cosmos.

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14

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

This book of Copernicus outlined a sun-centered cosmos.

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15

Thales of Miletus

He was the first in a long line of philosophers who believed that logical reasoning could reveal the immutable laws of nature.

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16

Aristotle

He was was a student of Plato, and both shared Pythagoras' ideas, which held that the natural world was a "cosmos" as opposed to a "chaos."

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17

heavenly realms

Aristotle claimed that the ______ are perfect and unchanging, but he also supported ideas that made "common sense" sense.

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18

150 CE

Ptolemy compiled the ultimate compendium of Greek astronomy.

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19

1054 supernova

Astronomers from China, the Arab world, and Japan documented the _______, which created the well-known Crab nebula in the constellation Taurus.

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20

Baghdad

In 740 CE, _____ grew into an important learning center for the Islamic world.

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21

1180

Gerard of Cremona made Arabic texts, including the Almagest, which made it accessible in Europe and translated them to Latin.

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22

550 BCE

Anaximander of Miletus produced attempts to explain the science of the universe.

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23

530 BCE

Pythagoras established a school in Croton and promoted the idea of a cosmos in which bodies move in perfect spheres.

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24

350 BCE

In his On the Heavens, Aristotle outlined an Earth-centered model of the universe.

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25

220 BCE

Aristarchus of Samos proposes a sun-centered model of the universe, but his concept is not widely accepted.

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26

200 BCE

Eratothenes of Alexandriab calculated the distance to the sun by measuring the circumference of the Earth.

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27

1279

Guo Shoujing, a Chinese astronomer, he determined the length of the solar year with precision.

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28

1437

Ulugh Beg, a Mongol Rule, corrected many of the postions of stars found in the Almagest.

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29

1543

Nicolaus Copernicus: His book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is published, outlining a sun-centered cosmos.

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