Quest 2 Midterm (quizzes 1-5)

Which of the following is an example of food waste ?

 

A crop spoiled by bugs

 

Food contamination during transportation

 

Ugly fruits that are thrown away

 

Food loss during harvest due to a drought season

C

Which of the following is not a part of the food supply chain?

 

Transportation

 

Composting

 

Storage

 

Retail

B

Fill in the blank: 

Global quantitative food losses and waste per year are roughly ____for cereals.

 

100%

 

80%

 

30%

 

50%

C

Which of the following is not caused by food waste and loss?

 

Increased Greenhouse Gas emissions

 

Economic losses

 

Improved Food Security

 

Environmental degradation

C

Which of the following is an example of a "postharvest" tissue?

 

A potato in the ground before it is harvested

 

None of the above

 

Broccoli florets being sold in a grocery store

 

An animal before it is slaughtered

C

Which of the following statements about food waste and loss is incorrect?

 

It generates about 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions annually (FAO 2015a).

 

It consumes about one-quarter of all water used by agriculture each year

 

It has no effect on cropland

 

It accounts for 23 percent of total global fertilizer use.

C

True or False?

Apeel is an example of food preservation technology.

 

True

 

False

A

True or False? 

Fresh Produce is Alive. 

 

True

False

A

What is the correct order for the food system stages?

 

Transport to market > sorting and grading > retail > harvest

 

Harvest > transport to market > sorting and grading > retail

 

Harvest > sorting and grading > transport to market > retail

 

Harvest > retail > sorting and grading > transport to market

C

Which of the following is a food service that sells "ugly" produce? 

 

Imperfect foods

 

Blemished foods

 

Ugly foods

 

Off-grade produce

A

Which of the following is an example of Food Loss for fresh fruits and vegetables?

 

Spinach was not harvested due to low market price

 

Mangos became over-ripe after harvest

 

Stored sweetpotatoes were consumed by rodents

 

Hail storm made unsightly marks on the surface of peaches

C

Which of the following is an example of Food Waste for fresh fruits and vegetables?

 

Physical injuries from careless harvest practices caused melons to rot

 

Tomatoes were destroyed by disease in the field

 

Lettuce was contaminated by a bacteria that causes food poisoning

 

Bananas were edible but unmarketable due to chilling injury (peel discoloration)

D

Which of the following crops is derived from floral organs?

 

Tomato

 

Stawberry

 

Carrot

 

Broccoli

D

Which of the following is not an example of a food quality category?

 

Market price

 

Appearance

 

Texture

 

Aroma

A

That fact that fresh produce continues to respire after harvest is important because...

 

The rate of respiration is closely related to potential postharvest life

 

It shows that the produce is alive

 

Respiration produce heat, which must be removed to maintain quality

 

All of the above

D

Which of the following is a problem in postharvest potato? 

 

Sprouting

 

Chlorophyll Loss

 

Water loss

 

Gravitropism

A

All of the following are are derived from petiole tissue except:

 

Beetroot

 

Celery

 

Rhubarb

 

Bok Choy

A

The rate of water loss in leaves is modified by: 

 

Both Genetics and Environmental Conditions

 

None of the above

 

Environmental conditions

 

Genetics

A

Senescence in bulb, root, and tuber vegetables take place in two phases. Those phases are: 

 

Early and Late phases

 

Green and Ripe phases

 

Dormant and Active phases

 

Vegetative and Reproductive phases

C

Locally produced fruits and vegetables have several advantages for reducing food waste, but one. Which of the following is the limitation?

 

There are seasonal limitations on their production

 

The produce can be harvested at peak maturity

 

The produce is fresher than non-local produce

 

Consumers can choose to purchase imperfect produce

A

Why are berries packed in the field rather than in a packinghouse?

 

To save money (building a packinghouse is expensive!)

 

Because they don’t need to be washed

 

Berries don’t need to be sorted for maturity, color, defects, etc.

 

To minimize handling because they are so fragile

D

Rank the following from highest to lowest concentration of glycoalkaloids: 

 

flower > sprout > leaf > tuber

 

tuber > flower > sprout > leaf

 

flower > leaf > sprout > tuber

 

flower > tuber > sprout > leaf

A

Harvest time is most often a compromise between...

 

Expected daily high temperature and phase of the moon

 

Maximum quality and the product’s ability to survive the marketing chain

 

Availability of labor and the cost of labor

 

More immature fruit versus more overmature fruit

B

What is senescence in the context of postharvest biology?

 

The deterioration of plant tissues after harvest

 

The process of fruit ripening

 

The storage of fruits and vegetables in controlled environments

 

The application of chemicals to extend the shelf life of produce

A

All of the following are true of senescence except: 

 

It limits crop yields

 

It only occurs in mature plants

 

nutritional compounds degrade

 

It results in chlorophyll degradation

B

Which statement best describes the roles of source and sink tissues in postharvest senescence?

 

None of the above

 

Source tissues and sink tissues both accumulate nutrients.

 

Sink tissues provide nutrients to source tissues.

 

Source tissues provide nutrients to sink tissues.

D

True or False:

Developing leaves serve as 'source' tissues in the source-sink theory. 

 

True

 

False

B

Which of the following is not an example of mechanical damage to a crop?

 

Compression damage

 

Bruising

 

Sprouting

 

Cuts

C

Which of the following is a proteolytic process that can contribute to cell death?

 

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production

 

Chlorophyll degradation

 

Autophagy

 

Nutrient remobilization

 

C

True or False: 

Preharvest factors affect postharvest systems.

 

True

False

B

Which of the following vegetables is not considered a temperate-zone underground vegetable?

 

radish

 

carrot

 

beet

 

sweet potato

D

What substance accumulates in potatoes when exposed to light, causing greening and toxicity?

 

Solanine

 

IAA

 

ABA

 

GA3

A

What is apical dominance (AD) in potato tubers?

 

Equal growth of both apical and lateral buds

 

Control of lateral bud over apical bud growth

 

Suppression of all bud growth

 

Control of apical bud over lateral bud outgrowth

D

During the winter months, potato tubers do not sprout because the external environmental conditions, such as low temperatures, are unfavorable for growth. Once the temperatures rise in the spring, the tubers begin to sprout. What type of dormancy is this an example of?

 

Paradormancy

 

Ecodormancy

 

Apical Dominance

 

Endodormancy

B

Curing refers to the process of: 

 

None of the above

 

Potato packaging

 

Ethylene production

 

Sprouting

A

True or False. 

Tropical-zone produce is generally more tolerant to storage at cold temperatures than temperate-zone produce.

 

True

 

False

B

What is a consequence of low concentrations of ethylene in the storage environment of carrots and parsnips?

 

Increases size

 

Enhances sweetness

 

Induces bitterness

 

Reduces decay

C

What is the term for the physiological stage of a seed tuber that influences its sprouting behavior?

 

Chronological age

 

Genotype

 

Physiological age

 

Dormancy

C

True or False: 

Preharvest environmental conditions have little overall effect on the duration of the dormant period in tubers.

True

False

A

What is the function of Chlorpropham (CIPC) in postharvest handling of tuber crops like potatoes? 

 

A sprouting inhibitor

 

A drying agent used during the curing process

 

A ripening agent

 

A dormancy-breaking chemical

A

What is the primary byproduct in meat production that can cause water pollution?

 

methane gas

 

chemicals

 

feed waste

 

manure

D

Waste in meat production are highest during consumption in Europe and production in Subsaharan Africa.

put A

A

Which type of product does NOT have some of the highest environmental impact?

 

processed products

 

local products

 

seasonal products imported from another region

 

animal products

B

The production of ______  generates the majority of food related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 

 

staple crops

 

nuts and seeds

 

vegetables and fruits

 

animal products

D

Which animal-based food waste has the biggest environmental impact?

 

Beef

 

Lamb

 

Seafood

 

Pork

A

Which plant-based food waste has the biggest environmental impact?

 

Coffee

 

Potatoes

 

Lettuce

 

Tomatoes

A

Technological changes increase the efficiency of production and reduce the environmental impact per unit of food produced.

 

True

 

False

A

What are two types of loss during fish harvesting and post-harvesting?

 

marine bycatch

 

fish eggs

 

feed

 

byproducts like bones, skin, and cartillage

A, D

What has NOT been a factor in leading to the 5x increase in chicken size since the 1950s?

 

consumer demand

 

love and care

 

breeding advancements

 

hormone treatments

B

Huge reductions in meat-eating are essential to avoid dangerous climate change, according to the most comprehensive analysis yet of the food system’s impact on the environment. 

 

True

 

False

A