Comparative Anatomy Final

Function of Nervous system

• Aqaints organism with external +internal environment

• allows for response

• fastest way of communication

• unique because of organization

What is included in CNS

brain + spinal cord

What is included in PNS

cranial, spinal, + Autonomica nerves

Nerves

Neurons + Connective Tissue + Blood vessels

Neurons

main comunication cell

Schwann cells

form myelin sheath in PNS

Satellite Glial Cells 

Physically + metabolically support Neurons PNS

Oligodenrocytes

form myelin sheath in CNS

Astrocytes

physically + metabolically support neurons CNS

Microglia

attack + remove foregin invaders

Ependymal cells

only in ventricles + spinal cord. Help produce + move cerebrospinal fluid

What nerves are in PNS

Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells

What nerves are in CNS

Oligodenrocytes, Astrocytes

1 Olfactory Nerve

Goes to olfactory bulb. Detects chemicals

2. Optic Nerve

Connects to eye. Transits signals from retina. Outpoceketing of brain

3. Oculomotor Nerve

Movement of the eye: superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles and inferior oblique muscle

4. Trochlaer Nerve

Movement of eye: superior oblique muscle

5. Trigeminal Nerve

Has 3 branches, one maxillary, one to the mandible, and one opthalmic. Opathalmic is responsible for the skin of the head

6. Abdecens Nerve

Eye movemnet: lateral rectus muscle

7. Facial Nerve

Muscles of face

8. Auditory Nerve

Hearing and Balance

9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Muscles related to swallowing and speech

10. Vagus Nerve

Responsible for heart regulation and innervates most of the digestive and exretory systems

11. Spinal Accessory Nerve

Various superficial muscles of the neck and back

12. Hypoglossal Nerve

Many of the tongue muscles; muscles that come off the hyoid bone, and thyroid cartialge

Forebrain

Proencephalon

Mid Brain

Mesencephalon

Hindbrain

Rhombencephalon

Neuropore

final closing of the embryological nerual tube

Infundibulum

forms the posterior part of the pituitary gland

Optic Vesicle

Evagination of the forebrain that results in the eye

Hypophyseal Pouch

Will form the anterior part of the pituitary gland

Cerebrum

Formed from the Telencephalon, Consists of 2 hemispheres

Corpus Collosum

Joins two cerebrum hemispheres

Limibic System

Telencephalon + part of diencephalon, Hippocampus, Olfactory bulb

Diencephalon

Formed from Proencephalon, region between brain stem and cerebrum, surrounds 3rd ventrical of brain, responsible for relaying sensory impulses and for homeostasis of body

Thalamus

relays sensory input to cerebrum

Epithalamus

secretes melatonin

Optic Chiasma

point of crossing of the optic nerves

Hypothalamus

controls activities of autonomic nervous system. Body temp. eating, drinking, sleep behaviors. Produced ADH

Pituitary Gland

Produces various hormones including human growth hormine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and various hormones related to reproduction

Midbrain/ Mesencephalon

Relays motor impulses from cerebrum to brain stem, relays sensory impulses from spinal cord to thalamus, coordinates movement of head and body in response to auditory stimuli

Optic Tectum

coordinates movements of the eye in response to visual stimuli. Tracking, scanning, adjusting shape of lens

Origin of 3rd and 4th cranial nerve

Midbrain/Mesencephalon

Pons

Relays impulses from one side of cerebellum to the other, helps control breathing

Origin of 5, 6, 7,8 cranial nerves

Pons

Cerebellum

monitors how well motor functions intitated by the cerebrum are being carried out. Will correct any discrepancies that it detects. Helps with posture and balance

Medulla Oblongata

Relays motor and sensory impulses to rest of brain and spinal cord, regulates heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure. Coordinates things like coughing, swallowing, sneezing

Origin of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 cranial nerves

Medulla Oblongata