African Resistance to Imperialism

DP HL History

Menelik II

Emperor of Ethiopia who resisted Italian imperialism and achieved victory at the Battle of Adawa

Battle of Adawa

Decisive battle in 1896 where Ethiopian forces defeated the Italians, marking a significant resistance against colonialism

Treaty of Wuchale

An 1889 treaty misinterpreted by Italy, leading to the declaration of Ethiopia as a protectorate.

Ethiopian unity

The unity of Ethiopian clans and the influence of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church that contributed to resistance against imperialism.

Arms supplies

Weapons, including 82,000 rifles and 28 cannons, that Menelik II stockpiled to strengthen Ethiopian forces against Italy.

Scorched earth policy

Military strategy employed by Toure in the Mandinka empire to deny resources to the enemy, affecting his resistance against French colonialism.

Verkafferung

The term used to describe sexual violence against Herero women by German settlers.

Rinderpest plague

An epidemic that killed 90% of Herero cattle, significantly weakening their food supply and economy.

Bondaelzwarts

A Nama tribe that revolted against German mandates, prompting military engagement by German forces.

Treaty of Addis Ababa

A treaty signed in 1896 that ensured Ethiopian sovereignty after the victory in the Battle of Adawa.