Eukaryotic cell structure and function (Plants ONLY)

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Last updated 11:58 AM on 7/12/26
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6 Terms

1
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cell wall

  • made of cellulose

  • provides shape and rigidity

  • protects cell from osmotic swelling

  • allows for rapid cell expansion

2
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vacuole

  • stores water, ions, nutrients

  • degrades macromolecules (contains enzymes and has acidic pH)

  • functions in cell elongation/growth

3
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chloroplasts

  • double membrane, own DNA

  • network of internal membrane bounded sacs/vesicles (thylakoids)

  • thylakoids contain chlorophyll (green pigment)

  • thylakoids form stacks — grana

  • grana are embedded in the stroma (aqueous matrix)

  • carries out photosynthesis which produces ATP and carbohydrates

4
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plasmodesmata

  • tubes that span cell wall

  • connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells

5
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starch granule

temporarily stores carbohydrate products of photosynthesis

6
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glyoxysome

  • contains enzymes of glyoxylate cycle

  • oxidise stored lipids

  • similar to peroxisomes