bio unit 1

Endosymbiosis

________: one organism lives inside of another organism, both organisms benefit from it, DNA absorbed, transferred to offspring.

Louis Pasteur

________ poured meat broth into two flasks with S shaped necks and boiled them to ensure all life was eliminated.

Arrenhius

________ → panspermia (seeds everywhere), space is teeming with tiny life forms, travel through the cosmos in space objects, some of the seeds make it the Earth.

Altman

________ and Cech → RNA molecules that could "snap "out parts of other RNA molecules, not just relaying messages.

Carcinogens

________ → chemicals that cause mutations.

Mutagens

________ → agents that cause gene mutations (short wave UV lights, some viruses)

Junction

________: to connect and join two cells together.

Proteins

________ in the membrane help large /polar molecules pass through.

Chemotherapy

________ (chemicals used to try to interfere with the uncontrolled cell division, mitotic index can be used to predict the response of cancer cells to ________)

Osmosis

________ is the passive movement of water molecules from an area of high solvent (low solute) concentration to low solvent (high solute) concentration.

Davson Danielli

________: two outer layers of protein flank an inner phospholipid bilayer.

Self renewal

________: can divide and replicate.

Miller

________ and Ureys → Recreated early atmosphere using hydrogen, methane and ammonia, boiling water represents the sea, sparks represent electrical storms,

Recognition

________: may function as markers cellular identification.

Glycolipid

________: made of carbohydrates and lipids, function is to act as a receptor /helps cells recognise specific molecules.

Radiotherapy

________ (use of radiation to kill cancerous cells)

Enzymes

________: fixing to membrane localises metabolic pathways.

Phosphate heads

________= hydrophilic, fatty acid tails= hydrophobic, amphipathic.

Davson-Danielli

two outer layers of protein flank an inner phospholipid bilayer

Singer-Nicolson

proteins imbedded within phospholipid bilayer instead of existing as separate layers

Junction

to connect and join two cells together

Enzymes

fixing to membrane localises metabolic pathways

Transport

responsible for facilitated diffusion and active transport

Recognition

may function as markers cellular identification

Anchorage

attachment points for cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

Transduction

function as receptors for peptide bonds

Glycoprotein

carbohydrate group attached to a protein

Glycolipid

made of carbohydrates and lipids, function is to act as a receptor/helps cells recognise specific molecules

Self renewal

can divide and replicate

Potency

capable

Final mass (or length)

starting mass (or length)

process

water boils, steam rises, coils and condenses, steam mixes with gases and falls back into the sea, cycle repeats

Endosymbiosis

one organism lives inside of another organism, both organisms benefit from it, DNA absorbed, transferred to offspring

Factors that can increase chance of tumour formation

the greater the number of cells the greater the possibility, the longer the life span the greater the possibility

Causes

asbestos, cigarette smoke, electromagnetic radiation (UV, X-rays)