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Community
A group of populations of different species living close enough to interact.
Interspecific interactions
Interactions with individuals of other species in the community.
Competition
A (-/-) interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival.
Competitive exclusion principle
Two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist permanently in the same place.
Ecological niche
A species' use of biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.
Fundamental niche
The niche potentially occupied by a species.
Realized niche
The portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies in a particular environment.
Character displacement
The tendency for characteristics to diverge more in sympatric than in allopatric populations of two species.
Predation
A (+/-) interaction where one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey).
Mimicry
An adaptive resemblance between two species, where one mimics characteristics of the other.
Herbivory
A (+/-) interaction where an organism eats part of a plant or algae.
Symbiosis
A close and long-term interaction between two species, which includes parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
Mutualism
A (+/+) interaction where both species benefit.
Commensalism
A (+/0) interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
Facilitation
A (+/0) or (+/+) interaction where species have positive effects on the survival and reproduction of others without direct contact.
