Physiologic Monitoring

Derived parameter measured using pulmonary artery catheter: CVP, SVR, QT, PAOP

PAOP

Device integrating oximetry + plethysmography for continuous O₂ saturation monitoring: Pulse Oximetry, Capnometry, Spectrophotometry, Capnography

Pulse Oximetry

Cardiac output determination in pulmonary artery catheterization uses: Spectrophotometry, Infrared spectroscopy, Thermodilution, Plethysmography

Thermodilution

Placement of PAC, access with lowest risk of complication: Subclavian vein, Internal jugular vein, Femoral vein, Cephalic vein

Internal jugular vein

Measurement of CO₂ in airway throughout respiratory cycle: Capnometry, ABG, EEG, Pulse Oximetry

Capnometry

Most commonly used artery for intra-arterial pressure monitoring: Radial artery, Brachial artery, Aorta, Ulnar artery

Radial artery

Most common site for insertion of pulmonary artery catheter: Internal jugular vein, External jugular vein, Carotid artery, Femoral artery

Internal jugular vein

Non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement using infrared light: Oscillation method, Doppler ultrasound, Piezoelectric crystal, Photoplethysmography

Photoplethysmography

Normal central venous pressure: 60–90 mmHg, 75–100 mmHg, 0–6 mmHg, 16–22 mL/dL

0–6 mmHg

Objective means to measure level of consciousness: ECG, EEG, ABG, GCS

GCS

Partial CO₂ rebreathing method (Fick’s principle) estimates: CVP, Cardiac output, SVR, PAOP

Cardiac output

Electrical activity of cardiac contraction detected at surface: EEG, PEEP, ECG, ABG

ECG

Reflects cerebral O₂ delivery vs demand: Bispectral index, Jugular venous oximetry, Transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy, Brain tissue oxygen tension

Jugular venous oximetry

Reflect functional integrity of spinal sensory pathway: SEP, SSEP, BIS, BAEP

SSEP

Goal of hemodynamic monitoring is to ensure blood flow supports: Anaerobic metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis

Oxidative phosphorylation

Normal urine output in adults: 0.5 mL/kg/hr, 1 mL/kg/hr, 5 mL/kg/hr, 10 mL/kg/hr

0.5 mL/kg/hr

Test to assess adequacy of collateral blood supply: Seldinger technique, Allen’s test, Pulse oximetry, Graham’s test

Allen’s test

Confirm diagnosis of abdominal compartment syndrome: Glasgow coma scale, Paracentesis, Pericardiocentesis, Urinary bladder pressure

Urinary bladder pressure

Used to titrate sedative medication: SEP, SSEP, BIS, BAEP

BIS

Uses arterial waveform as input to model systemic circulation and determine beat-to-beat flow: Pulse contour analysis, Partial CO₂ rebreathing, Doppler ultrasonography, Echocardiography

Pulse contour analysis