7-9

Biosafety Level 3

Done with indigenous or exotic agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after inhalation

Biosafety Level 3

Potential agents for aerosol transmission

Biosafety Level 3 Examples

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetti, St. Louis encephalitis virus, systemic fungi, H1N1 virus, rabies, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV2 virus

Biosafety Level 3

Slides and cover slips must never be thrown away in other receptacles

Biosafety Level 3 Special Work Practices

Specific training in handling agents

Biosafety Level 3 PPE

Specialized clothing

• Respiratory protection (masks)

• Gloves

• Biosafety cabinet

Biosafety Level 3

Ø Aerosols or splashes, Large volumes, High concentrations

• Negative air pressure

Ø By the biosafety cabinet

Slides and cover slips must never be thrown away in other receptacles

• With an ante room

• Where'one may disinfect themselves

• The personnel are diff from other BSLs

• HEPA filter

Ø

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

No windows, highly sealed

• confined air within the premise

• Specialized clothing
  Ø With head cap
  Ø Goggles
  Ø Closed laboratory coats

• Biosafety cabinet class Il

Biosafety Level 3 Facility

Controlled access

• Physical separation from access corridors

• Anteroom; two-self closing interlocked door

• Directional airflow with pressure

• HEPA filtered exhaust

Ø HEPA - High Efficiency Particulate Air

• Change room and shower

• No windows; highly sealed, confiner air within the premise

• Autoclaves available

• Seamless floors

• Chemical resistant fixtures

HEPA

High Efficiency Particulate Air

Differences Between BSL-2 and BSL-3

Two doors, two warnings

Two laboratory personnel is allowed

Good lighting

There is an Ante room where one may disinfect themselves before entering the laboratory

Biosafety Level 4

Work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections

Biosafety Level 4

May cause severe to life-threatening infections and diseases

in humans, vaccines or other treatments are not available

Biosafety Level 4

Aerosol transmission with pressure is very high, may have unknown risk of transmission

Biosafety Level 4

Maximum containment and decontamination of all personnel and materials

Biosafety Level 4

Requires Class III BSC

Biosafety Level 4

No exact treatment or vaccine is available

Biosafety Level 4 Examples

arbovirus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, arenavirus, smallpox virus, Congo Crimean virus, Hemorrhagic fever viruses. MDR TB

Ebola Transmission

Transmitted via direct contact with any body fluid (including blood and sweat)

Biosafety Level 4 Special Work Practices

Specific training in handling agents

Biosafety Level 4 PPE

Laboratory coat or apron

Positive Pressure Suits

Double Ended Autoclave

Biosafety Cabinet Class III

Biosafety Level 4 Facility

Controlled access

Biosafety Level 4 Facility

Laboratory providing absolute separation of the worker from the infectious agents (suit laboratory)

Biosafety Level 4 Facility

Physical separation from access corridor

Biosafety Level 4 Facility

Directional airflow with pressure

Biosafety Level 4 Facility

Special waste handling

• airlock entry

Category A Bioterrorism Agents

Pose the greatest public health threat

Category A Bioterrorism Agents (smallpox)

Highly contagious with skin lesions

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Bacillus anthracis

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Clostridium botulinum

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Francisella tularensis

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Yersinia pestis

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Smallpox

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Lassa virus

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Ebola virus

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Machupo virus

Category A Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Marburg virus

Category B Bioterrorism Agents

Foodborne & waterborne pathogens

Category B Bioterrorism Agents

Moderate morbidity and low mortality

Category B Bioterrorism Agents

Requires surveillance and diagnostic assistance from the CDC facility

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Staphylococcus enterotoxin B

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Clostridium perfringens

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Salmonella

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Shigella

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Burkholderia mallei

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Brucella

Re-emerging Pathogens

Tularemia

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Coxiella burnetti

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Chlamydia psittaci

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Rickettsia prowazekii

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Cryptosporidium parvum

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Vibrio cholerae

Category B Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Eastern, Venezuelan, Western equine encephalitis

Category C Bioterrorism Agents

Easily produce and disseminate

Category C Bioterrorism Agents

Potential for high morbidity and mortality rates

Category C Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Hanta virus

Category C Bioterrorism Agents Examples

Nipah virus (emerging infectious diseases)

Emerging Pathogens

Avian influenza virus

Emerging Pathogens

Coronavirus (SARS and SARS-CoV-2)

Emerging Pathogens

Hemorrhagic fever virus

Emerging Pathogens

West Nile virus

Emerging Pathogens

Zika virus

Re-emerging Pathogens

Anthrax

Re-emerging Pathogens

Botulism

Re-emerging Pathogens

Plague

Re-emerging Pathogens

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission

Transmitted through parenteral inoculation

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission

Pose greatest risk transmitted by aerosols

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission Examples

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission Examples

Brucella

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission Examples

Francisella tularensis

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission Examples

HIV

Laboratory Acquired-Infection (LAI) Transmission Examples

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Five Most Frequently Acquired Laboratory Infections

Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, Shigellosis, Salmonellosis, Viral hepatitis

Spill Clean-Up Kit Contents

Concentrated disinfectant

Paper Towels

Gloves

Face protection

Forceps

Dustpan

Caution

Brush

Biohazard bags

BSL2 FACILITY

Adequate illumination

• Eyewash facility
  O Negative air pressure

• Autoclave available

• Biological safety cabinet

• Laboratory must be separated from public areas