Quiz 3

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41 Terms

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Eutectic point

the lowest temperature an alloy melts at, occurs at a specific concentration of each element in the alloy

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Microstructural Composition (C < 2 wt% Sn)

At room temperature, polycrystalline with grains of alpha phase having a composition of C.

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Microstructural Composition (2 wt% Sn < C < 18.3 wt% Sn)

At temperatures in alpha + beta range, polycrystalline with alpha grains and small beta phase particles.

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Microstructural Composition (18.3 wt% Sn < C < 61.9 wt% Sn)

Contains alpha phase particles and a eutectic microconstituent.

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Eutectic Microstructure (C = Ceutectic)

Eutectic microstructure characterized by alternating layers (lamellae) of alpha and beta phases.

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Cooling Curve (Pure Metal or Eutectic Alloy)

Near equilibrium; may experience supercooling if nucleation is difficult.

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Cooling Curve (Binary Alloy)

Solidification occurs over a range of temperatures; Tb is the start and Tc is the completion of solidification.

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How to find phase compositions in a two phase region

Use tie lines

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Equation for Relative amount of each phase:

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Conversion between volume fraction and mass or weight fraction if densities are the same

volume fraction = weight fraction

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Conversion between volume fraction and mass or weight fraction if densities are NOT the same

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Average Density of Eutectic Mixtures

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Weight Fraction Equation

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Volume Fraction Equation

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Hyper-eutectic

to the left of the eutectic point, eutectic structure with beta regions

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Hypo-eutectic

to the right of the eutectic point, eutectic structure with alpha regions

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Superheating

heating above a material’s boiling point

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Supercooling

heating below a material’s boiling point

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Non-equilibrium solidification

when the rate of cooling is limited

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Advantages of eutectic alloys

significantly low melting point

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Properties of eutectic alloys

significantly low melting point

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Effect of diffusion on microstructure development

causes lamellar microstructures

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Appearance of Alpha Phase Microconstituent

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Appearance of Beta Phase Microconstituent

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Appearance of Eutectic Microconstituent

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Hardenability

the capacity of a steel to be hardened in depth when quenched from austenitizing temperature, higher hardenability means it needs a slower cooling to form martensite

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Bainite

elongated Fe3C particles in alpha ferrite

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upper bainite

forms at higher temperatures, lathes of ferrite separated by cementite particles

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lower bainite

forms at lower temperatures, fine lathes of ferrite separated by carbides

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pearlite

lamillae of ferrite and cementite

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martensite

forms when austenite is rapidly cooled (quenched)

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Gamma to martensite transformation

forms when austenite is quenched

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Grain Size Effect on Hardenability

Increase in grain size results in increased hardenability of steel.

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Pearlite Transformation

Transformation process that slows as austenitic grain size increases.

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Quench Media (Oil)

Moderate to fast cooling; helps prevent cracking and distortion.

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Quench Media (Water)

Rapid cooling with a risk of cracking and distortion.

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Proeutectoid

a phase that forms before the eutectoid austenite decomposes when a material is cooledformed when there are more nuclei and the cooling is fast

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Fine pearlite

formed when there are more nuclei and the cooling is fast

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Coarse pearlite

formed when it is slow cooled and there are fewer nuclei

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Quench media

the substance in which a heat treated part is submerged to cool down

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Properties of fine vs coarse pearlite:

Fine pearlite is stronger than coarse pearlite, but is more ductile than fine pearlite, both have good toughness