TLE : Technical Drafting

Technical drafting

Drafting or draughting, is the act of discipline of making detailed drawings.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Italian inventor and artist - created drawings that still marvel art historians and engineers are alike.

Drafting tools

Used in technical drawing and used to draw or manipulate.

Pencil

Most important and a solid pigment core inside a protective casing

Architectural pencil

Special type of pencil used for architectural

Ruler

For line gauge

T-square

Used by draftsman primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines

Blade

Long shaft

Stock

Short shaft

Beam compass or divider

For sliding sockets or cursors for drawing and dividing circles

Two classes of drawing

Artistic and technical

Artistic

The artist expresses aesthetic ideas or emotions

Technical

Exact means of expression and accuracy is one of the main objectives

Painting

A form of visual art that uses wet media

Drawing

A form of visual art that uses dry media

Drafting or technical drawing

Is the act of discipline of composing plans that usually communicate how something functions

Drafting technician

Who makes a technical drawing professional drafter

Sketching

A quickly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work

Drawing board

Base for drawing

Drawing paper

Drafting media for showing the object

Technical pen

Drafting media for illustrating the object

Mechanical pencil

Drafting media for freehand guides or sketching the object

Eraser

To erase the unnecessary lines done by sketching

Compass

Used to draw arcs and circles

T-square²

To draw horizontal and vertical lines and serves as base material for triangles

Triangles

To draw inclined lines with proper angle and vertical lines

Triangular scale

For measuring an object or lines

Protractor

To measure angles

Types of lines

Vertical lines horizontal lines inclined lines and curved lines

Alphabet of lines

Used in drafting to identify the types of lines thic thin and medium

Lettering

A fundamental part of technical drawing and specification to communicate with the fabricator

Roman

All letters having strokes accented or made up thick and thin elements

Gothic

All letters composed of uniform width elements

Text

One of the oldest letters styles in use and consists of solid main stems

Italic

All slanting or inclined letters

Uniformity and design lettering

Essential and uniformity in height and inclination is promoted by the use of light guidelines

Normal letters

Used when the space for lettering is adequate they are neither too narrow nor too wide

Extended letters

Letters wider than normal letters

Condensed letters

Narrower than normal and used when space is limited

Light face letters

Very thin stems

Bold face letters

Heavy stems

Parts of guidelines

Cap line

Waist line

base line

drop line

Orthographic drawing

A drawing that shows the principal views of an object

Pictorial drawing

Drawings that objects as they would appear in reality

Pictorial drawing

Drawing that shows more than one side of the object

Axonometric drawing

Has the object turned so that the three faces are viewed

Oblique drawing

Have one plane parallel to the picture plane which is the same size as the orthographic drawing

Perspective drawing

Pictural view as seen by the observer’s eyes

Dimensioning a drawing

Dimension

dimension line

extension line

center line

Leader line

arrowheads

numerical value

notes

Dimension

Tells the accurate shape and size of an object

Dimension line

A line that contrast well with the outline of the object

Extension line

A fine line used to show clearly the dimension limits

Center line

Are light broken line which are sometimes used as an extension line

Leader line

Are straight line leading from a dimension value

Arrowheads

Indicate the direction in which value applies

Numerical value

Gives the actual distance of the objects

Notes

Provide a means of explanatory information along with a size

Object

A figure being projected

Projection

A way of expressing or showing the object

Principal dimensions

Width

height

depth

Width

The measurement of an object taken from side to side of an object

Height

The measurement taken from top to bottom of an object

Depth

The measurement from front to near of an object

Principles of orthographic projection

Top view and side view

Top view

Directly drawn above the front view

Side view

Drawn horizontally in line with the front view

Painting

Isometric drawing

Where in the object is presented by three side seen at one time