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combined slabdurs 4 into one mwuhahahaha

Define the trinity.

Three persons - Father, Son and Holy Spirit - in one God.

Define The Word.

A name used to refer to Jesus. The bible says he was involved in creation.

Define incarnation.

Becoming flesh. In Christianity, it refers to the belief that God became a human - Jesus.

Define crucifixion.

A method of execution by being nailed or tied to a cross. Designed to be slow and painful.

Define resurrection.

Coming back to life in the same form after death.

Define ascension.

It means rising up - Christians celebrate Jesus’ journey up to heaven after his resurrection.

Define sin.

Any action or thought that separates humans from God. It can be behaviour against God’s laws/wishes/principles of morality.

Define original sin.

An Augustine Christian doctrine. Everyone is born with the built-in urge to do evil and disobey God.

Define salvation.

Saving the soul, deliverance (rescued) from sin, and admission to heaven brought about by Jesus.

Define means of salvation.

the methods through which Christians believe they can achieve salvation, e.g. good work, or grace

Define atonement 

Restoring relationship between people and God through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.

Define judgment.

Belief that God will decide whether each person should receive eternal life or punishment based on their earthly life.

Define the nature of God

The qualities of God

Define omnipotent

Almighty, having unlimited power

Define just

Fair or equal treatment, a state of justice.

What is the main idea of the trinity?

All three persons are distinct, but are each fully God.

Who are the three persons in the Trinity?

The father, the son and the Holy Spirit.

Give a quote saying that there is only one God

1 Timothy 1:17 - “…eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honour and glory forever and ever. Amen.”

Give a quote where all three persons are present.

Matthew 3:16-17 - “[Jesus rises out of the water after being baptised]… At that moment, heaven was opened, and he saw the spirit of God descending like a dove and lighting on him. And a voice from heaven said “this is my son whom I love; with him I am well pleased.””

How does the trinity influence Christians today? (4)

• they try to follow Jesus’ (the son) example and live like him

• They pray to the father because he is omnipotent 

• They ask the spirit for guidance because they believe he is a helper

• They behave well as they know the father is omniscient and omnipresent

Give a quote saying how God is omnipotent.

Luke 1:37 - “Nothing is impossible with God.”

Give a quote where it says God is omnibenevolent.

John 3:16 - “God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son…”

Give a quote where it says God is just.

“He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for many peoples.”

Define evil.

any suffering or pain

what two types of evil are there? give an example of each

• Moral evil - evil caused by human choices, e.g. murder

• Natural evil - evil caused by normal operation of nature, e.g. natural disasters

State the problem of evil

• If God is omnipotent he is able to prevent evil

• If God is omnibenevolent he wants to stop evil

• So if God exists there should be no evil

• Evil exists

• Therefore, God doesn’t exist

What are the three responses to the problem of evil?

• Free-will defence - God created us w/ free will. It is impossible for Him to give us free will and ensure we never do evil.

• Vale of Soulmaking - argument that this world has evil in it to test and challenge us. This forces us to improve

• The book of Job

What is the Spirit doing in Genesis 1:1-3?

The Spirit was hovering over the waters on the earth after God created it

What is the Word doing in John 1:1-3?

The Word has always been with God since the beginning, and the Word is God.

What are the two different Christian beliefs about creation?

• Literal view - the Genesis account is literally true. God created the world in 7 days, just as recorded in Genesis.

• Metaphorical view - the Genesis account is a story to communicate truths but it doesn’t teach how the Earth came about.

Define the Fall.

The event in the Bible where the first humans broke God’s Law.

What was the relationship between God and humans like before and after the Fall?

• Before: close relationship. Humans are to be God’s representatives on Earth.

• After: humans separated from God because of sin.

What was the relationship between God’s creations and humans like before and after the Fall?

• Before: humans responsible for looking after creation.

• After: creation now cursed, so looking after it and working in it have become hard.

Why were Adam and Eve banished from the Garden of Eden?

They disobeyed God’s law about not eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.

How were Adam and Eve created?

• Adam was created from dust and God’s breath of life.

• Eve was created from one of Adam’s ribs.

Give one reason for and one reason against the statement that Genesis portrays men as superior to women.

• For: Adam was created before Eve, implying superiority of men over women

• Against: Eve was created from Adam’s side, not his head (suggesting superiority), nor his legs/feet (suggesting inferiority). Creation from his side suggests equality between the two sexes.

How does the creation influence Christians today? (4)

• they care for the environment because it is God’s creation.

• they treat humans as special because they are created in the image of God

• they believe that the creation teaches us about God, e.g. storms remind us of God’s omnipotence

• they are encouraged to pray to an omnipotent God

Define afterlife.

What Christians believe follows life on Earth.

What is the Day of Judgement?

a time when the world will end and every soul will be judged by God and rewarded or punished.

What does the Apostles’ Creed say about the Day of Judgement and Jesus?

It says that Jesus ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father and will come to judge the living and the dead.

What does John 14:6 say about the path to the Father?

He says he is the way, the truth and the life, and no one can reach the Father/heaven except through Jesus himself.

What are the main Christian beliefs about the afterlife? (3)

• afterlife either begins upon death, or at the day of judgement when Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead

• their souls will enter a different dimension to be judged - of which little is known.

• God decides the fate of those who die. He will consider the person’s life and the extent to which they tried to get close to God.

Define heaven

state of eternal happiness in presence of God; place of eternal peace ruled over by God.

Define hell

place of eternal suffering or state of being without God

define purgatory

intermediate state when souls are cleansed to enter heaven

define Satan

name for the Devil - the power and source of evil

Christians believe Jesus is: (3)

• the son of God

• fully God and fully human at the same time

• the only human to have lived a morally perfect life

After the first humans sinned: (2)

• humans no longer lived good lives - they didn’t always follow God’s laws

• humans no longer had a close relationship with God

The Son of God became human so God could: (4)

• show he loves the world and the people in it

• show humans how to live a good life

• understand humans and identify with their suffering

• have a relationship with humans again

What are the roles of Jesus in Christianity? (3)

• Friend - he came to restore the relationship between God and humans

• Rescuer - he came to rescue us from sin

• Role model - he came to show us how to live a good life

How does the incarnation influence Christians today? (3)

• they treat Jesus as a role model because he lived a morally perfect life

• they listen to his teachings because they believe he was God

• they pray to him because they believe he understands them as he lived a human life

Briefly, what happens at the last supper?

Jesus has his last meal with his followers. He predicts someone on the table will betray him.

Who betrays Jesus and what happens when the betrayer arrives?

Judas betrays Jesus. A priest’s ear is cut off when his disciples are defending him, and Jesus heals him. Jesus is arrested at night by elders and officers.

What happens at Jesus’ trial?

Pilate decides Jesus is innocent and should be released. The people protest for Barabbas, a criminal imprisoned for uprising and murder, to be released, and for Jesus to be crucified. Pilate eventually condemns Jesus and releases Barabbas.

define grace

a quality of God which God shows to humans by providing love and support which they do not need to earn.

What is:

• Salvation through law?

• Salvation through grace?

• salvation through Spirit?

• Salvation through law involves following God's commandments as a guide for life 

• salvation through grace is a free gift from God, not earned through works, but given through faith in Jesus' sacrifice.

• Salvation through the Spirit is achieved with the Holy Spirit's help, guiding believers and helping them understand God's will

Give a quote about Jesus’ role in atonement.

1 John 2:1-2: “[…] Jesus Christ, the Righteous One. He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world.”

Define peace.

An absence of conflict, leading to happiness and harmony

Define justice

Bringing about what is right and fair, according to the law / making up for a wrong that has been committed

Define forgiveness

Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong

Define reconciliation

The restoration of harmony after broken down relationships

Define protest

An expression of disapproval, often in a public group

Define terrorism

The unlawful use of violence, usually against innocent civilians, to achieve a political goal.

Define greed

Selfish desire for something

Define self-defence

Acting to prevent harm to oneself

Define retaliation

Deliberately harming someone as a response to them harming you

Define Just War Theory

A set of rules influenced by Christianity about when it is right to fight and how to fight

Define holy war

A war fought for a religious cause

Define pacifism

The view that violence is rarely / never justified

Define weapons of mass destruction

Weapons that can kill large numbers of people and/or cause great damage

Define nuclear deterrence

Possessing nuclear weapons in order to deter other countries from attacking you

Define peacemaking

The act of trying to make peace

Define victims of war

Anyone who is killed, injured or suffering as a result of war

Give / paraphrase two Christian quotes from the Bible about reasons for war

• senseless and harmful desires cause people to go to war.

• A fully armed man should guard his own house to safeguard his possessions.

Give / paraphrase two Muslim quotes from the Qur’an about reasons for war

• If you have been attacked, you are allowed to retaliate, because you have been wronged - God has the power to help you.

• If you must respond to an attack, make your response proportionate, but it is best to not respond.

Christians and Muslims believe that it is _________ to speak out about _________ - protests are one way of doing that. Most Christians and Muslims are _______ to using ________ in protests.

important, injustice, opposed, violence

Who was Martin Luther King?

A Christian pastor and leader of the civil rights movement. He was opposed to using violence in protests against segregation, even though some in the movement supported violence.

What is a conscientious objector?

Someone who refuses to take part in conflict because of their moral / religious beliefs.

How do Muslims greet each other?

‘As-salamu ‘alaikum’ = peace be with you

Give / paraphrase a quote from the Qur’an about peace.

The servants of God are the ones who walk humbly, and reply with peaceful words to aggressive people.

Give / paraphrase a quote from the Bible about peace.

They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

How is Jesus (Christian) an example of pacifism?

He didn’t fight back when arrested / executed. He taught “blessed are the peacemakers” (Bible).

What are the Christian views on terrorism?

Terrorist acts are wrong, especially as the victims are usually innocent people.

What are the Islamic views on terrorism?

Disagree with terrorism - wrong, and against God’s wishes, especially as victims are usually innocent people. No justification for terrorism in Islamic teachings.

What are the twelve requirements / rules for a holy war in Islam?

• Opponent must have started fighting

• Must not be fought to gain territory

• Must be launched by a religious leader

• Must be fought to bring about good - something that Allah would approve of

• Must be a last resort

• Innocent people, e.g. children, women, the elderly, should not be killed

• Women must not be raped or abused in any way

• Enemies must be treated justly

• Wounded enemy soldiers must be treated the same as their own soldiers

• Warfare must stop as soon as the enemy asks for peace

• Property must not be damaged

• Poisoning of wells forbidden

What are the three main reasons for war?

• Greed

• Self-defence

• Retaliation

What are the three parts of Just War Theory called?

Jus ad Bellum (the right to go to war), Jus in Bello (right conduct in war), and Jus post Bellum (justice after war).

Define a just war.

A war that is deemed to be morally justifiable

What are the six requirements in Jus ad Bellum?

• Must have a just cause to go to war

• War must be declared by an appropriate authority

• Should have just intentions

• Must be last resort

• Must be a reasonable chance of success

• Benefits must be proportional to the harm

What are the three rules in Jus in Bello?

• Civilians mustn’t be targeted

• Any attack must be intended to defeat the enemy

• Unnecessary death must be avoided

What are the four rules in Jus post Bellum?

• Just cause to end the war, e.g. wrong has been righted, enemy has surrendered, etc. War must end if it can’t be won

• No revenge must be taken

• Peace terms must be made

• Just punishment for infractions committed, e.g. civilians targeted / PoW tortured

Give / paraphrase a quote from the Bible supporting JWT.

I (Jesus) command you: love everyone as I have loved you. There is no greater love than to sacrifice your life for your friend. You are my friends if you obey me. (supports just cause)

What are two quotes that can be used as a pacifist’s response to JWT?

• 6th Commandment - Do not kill

• Bible: if you draw the sword, you will die by the sword

Many Christians and Muslims believe that a ___ can be holy if it is to ______ the religion. It must be fought in the right way, e.g. not _________ civilians.

war, defend, targeting

What is Jihad?

A duty in Islam - the struggle against evil

What is greater jihad and lesser jihad?

• greater jihad - the internal struggle to live a good life and follow the faith

• lesser jihad - the external struggle to fight evil and defend the faith

Muslims went to war in the Battle of Badr, because they were _______. Spies were sent to find out what was happening in ______. One of them was ______ and war was declared. _________ went to Makkah to get weapons to beat the Muslims - Muhammad decided to _________ them.

wronged, Makkah, killed, Damascans, intercept

What happened to the prisoners of war after the Battle of Badr?

They taught illiterate Muslims how to read and write, then they were freed / fined. They weren’t enslaved, and they were freed if they couldn’t pay the fine.

Muhammad declared war to stop the ___________ of Muslims. They didn’t _________ initially, but used ________ as a last resort. He sought _____ when the Muslims were safe from persecution.

persecution, retaliate, violence, peace

Give / paraphrase two quotes from the Qur’an about holy war.

• Fight them until there is no more persecution. If they stop fighting, stop fighting, except towards aggressors.

• Believers, be careful when you fight in God’s way. Don’t say to someone offering peace, “You aren’t a believer”, out of a desire for the rewards of this life. (Muslims should always accept peace no matter what).