Introduction to Human Pathogens & Antimicrobials
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50 Q&A flashcards to review key concepts from the lecture notes on human pathogens and antimicrobials.
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What are the four types of pathogens that infect humans?
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Which antimicrobial class treats viral infections?
Antiviral agents.
Which antimicrobial class treats bacterial infections?
Antibacterial agents (antibiotics).
Which antimicrobial class treats fungal infections?
Antifungal agents.
Which antimicrobial class treats parasitic infections?
Antiparasitic agents.
What is a fundamental difference between viruses and bacteria?
Viruses are acellular and require a host cell to replicate; bacteria are cellular organisms.
Name the two genome types used to classify viruses.
RNA and DNA.
What envelope-based classifications do viruses have?
Enveloped and non-enveloped.
What is the main basis for classifying bacteria into Gram-positive vs Gram-negative?
Cell wall structure and Gram staining.
Name the two primary oxygen-use categories for bacteria.
Aerobes and anaerobes (with facultative and obligate distinctions).
What are the common bacterial shapes?
Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.
Where in the notes would you find information on viruses?
Section II: Viruses.
Where in the notes would you find information on bacteria?
Section III: Bacteria.
Where in the notes would you find information on fungi?
Section IV: Fungi.
Where in the notes would you find information on parasites?
Section V: Parasites.
Which chapters cover the role of bacteria in disease and antibacterial agents?
Chapter 15 (bacteria in disease) and Chapter 17 (antibacterial agents).
Which chapter covers the role of viruses in disease?
Chapter 38.
Which chapter covers antiviral agents?
Chapter 40.
Which chapters cover the role of fungi in disease and antifungal agents?
Chapter 59 (fungi in disease) and Chapter 61 (antifungal agents).
Which chapters cover the role of parasites in disease and antiparasitic agents?
Chapter 69 (parasites in disease) and Chapter 71 (antiparasitic agents).
What is the focus of Section II in the notes?
Overview of viruses: what viruses are, their classification, and antiviral drugs.
What is the focus of the Bacteria section in the notes?
Overview of bacteria: what bacteria are, classification, and drugs to treat infections.
What is the focus of the Fungi section in the notes?
Overview of fungi: organisms and antifungal drugs.
What is the focus of the Parasites section in the notes?
Overview of parasites: organisms and antiparasitic drugs.
What is the topic of the Introduction to microbes in the outline?
Brief historical overview and why microbiology is high yield.
What is the objective of differentiating pathogen types in this session?
To identify classes of antimicrobials for each infection type.
What major drug category treats viral infections?
Antiviral agents.
What major drug category treats bacterial infections?
Antibacterial agents.
What major drug category treats fungal infections?
Antifungal agents.
What major drug category treats parasitic infections?
Antiparasitic agents.
Which section discusses Common Viruses and Antiviral Agents tested on Step 1?
Viruses (Section II).
Which section discusses Common Bacteria and Antibacterial Agents tested on Step 1?
Bacteria (Section III).
Which section discusses Common Fungi and Antifungal Agents tested on Step 1?
Fungi (Section IV).
Which section discusses Common Parasites and Antiparasitic Agents tested on Step 1?
Parasites (Section V).
Which course title is associated with this material?
Foundations of Medicine.
Who is the instructor for this session?
Maya Blau.
What is one learning objective related to pathogen comparison?
Identify similarities and differences between viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
What is the practical goal of identifying drug classes for each pathogen type?
To select appropriate antimicrobial therapy for infections.
Which pathogen is treated with antifungal agents?
Fungi.
Which pathogen is treated with antiparasitic agents?
Parasites.
Which pathogen is treated with antiviral agents?
Viruses.
Which pathogen is treated with antibacterial agents?
Bacteria.
Which pathogens are described as being covered in the notes under high-yield microbiology topics?
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
What is the relationship between viruses and the Step 1 exam content?
Common viruses and antiviral agents tested on Step 1.
What is the relationship between bacteria and the Step 1 exam content?
Common bacteria and antibacterial agents tested on Step 1.
Which type of organism includes yeasts and molds?
Fungi.
Which type of organism includes malaria-causing organisms?
Parasites.
Which type of organism includes influenza and HIV?
Viruses.
Which type of organism includes E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus?
Bacteria.
Which type of organism includes Candida and Aspergillus?
Fungi.
Which type of organism includes Plasmodium and Giardia?
Parasites.
Which word describes viruses that have a lipid envelope surrounding their capsid?
Enveloped viruses.
What is a non-enveloped virus?
A virus without a lipid envelope.
What is the purpose of a Gram stain in bacterial classification?
To differentiate bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall structure.
What are the two main methods used to categorize viruses in this course outline?
Genome type (RNA vs DNA) and envelope status (enveloped vs non-enveloped).
What is the general topic of Chapter 17 in the references list?
Antibacterial Agents.
What is the general topic of Chapter 40 in the references list?
Antiviral Agents.
What is the general topic of Chapter 61 in the references list?
Antifungal Agents.
What is the general topic of Chapter 71 in the references list?
Antiparasitic Agents.