Miller & Levine Ch. 11 Cell Growth & Division

Mitosis & Cancer

adult stem cell

undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

anaphase

The microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten, the sister chromatids separate, the chromosome move toward the poles of the cell

apoptosis

programmed cell death

asexual reproduction

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

asters

Microtubules and fibers that radiate out from the centrioles.

binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

cancer

the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.

cell cycle

cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing

cell division

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

centromere

the structure of at the center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached

centrosome

A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop.

chromatid

one half of a duplicated chromosome

chromatin

the relaxed form of DNA in the cell's nucleus

chromosomes

the structures that contain the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells

cyclin

one of the specific proteins that regulates/stimulates the cell cycle

cytokinesis

the method by which a cell's cytoplasm divides creating a new cell

embryonic stem cell

stem cell that can give rise to all types of cells in the body

G1

In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles; also performs regular cell functions

G1, S, G2

Stages of Interphase

G2

The final period of interphase during which the cell prepares for mitosis.

interphase

the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA in preparation for the next stage of the cycle. Cell spends most of its time here.

metaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell, they line up in the middle of the cell

microtubules

Thick hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.

mitosis

the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus and nuclear material divide

prophase

the first stage in mitosis- the longest phase- in this stage the cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope disappear.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Stages of mitosis (hint: PMAT)

s phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

sister chromatids

are structures that contain identical copies of DNA.

spindle apparatus

structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides

stem cells

Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions

telophase

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to relax, two new nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear, the spindle apparatus dissembles.