European Revolutions

cottage industry

goods made and sold from the home

England

first country to have an industrial revolution

requirements for an industrial revolution

• Access to raw materials

• Power source (fast moving water or steam power)

• Labor (excess unemployed population)

• Entrepreneurs (investors, sponsors, merchants)

• Markets (trade empires)

• Stable government

pros of the industrial revolution

• Very good for the country 

• Allowed small countries to accumulate wealth without land and materials

• Prices went down, more jobs available

• Inventions, advancements

cons of the industrial revolution

• Very bad working conditions (long hours, dangerous conditions, little pay, limited education), essentially slavery with pennies for pay

• Cramped living condition

• Cities were overcrowded, dirty with poor quality of life

• Pollution from steam engines and human waste

• Child labor

first factory produced product

textile (wool then cotton)

Adam Smith

• Wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776

• Studied factories and economics

• Explained capitalism as the ideal

• “Invisible hand of the economy” 

• supply, demand, quantity chain

• laissez-faire

Thomas Malthus

• Tracked agricultural production and population

• Said population would surpass the amount of food produced

• Disaster happens when there isn’t enough food to reset the population

Robert Owen

Socialist - workers should get the benefits of their work, service for service instead of payment

Moved to New Harmony

Greek revolution of 1821

-Turks vs Greeks

-Greeks won their independence

-The new Greek monarchy was not at all liberal

-Otto von Wittelsbach was placed on the throne by the European powers

-National

French revolution of 1830

-Bourban vs Orleans

-Overthrow of king Charles X

-Crowned Louis Philippe

-Liberal

French revolution of 1848

-inflation and job cuts

-created jobs to help the poor

-Overthrow of Louis Philippe

-Foundation of French Second Republic

-Conservative

Belgium revolution of 1848

-Independent kingdom of Belgium

-Succession of the Netherlands

-King Leopold I of Belgium crowned

-National

German revolution of 1848

-taxation and censorhips

-liberals exiled to the U.S

-Assembly formed and dissolved

-Liberal

Austrian revolution of 1848

-Hungary tried to succeed

-many attempted liberal  governments

-collapsed without a strong army

-Student protests

-Liberal

Italian revolution of 1848

-provisional government formed

-Tuscan Republic

-King Charles Albert declared war against Austria

-National

Romantic themes

• A love of nature

• Defiance of convention

• Belief in man’s inherent goodness

• Emotion

Lord Byron

• Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

• Don Juan

Percy Shelley

• Ozymandias

Mary Shelley

• Frankenstein (first sci-fi)

Victor Hugo

• Les Miserables

  • Importance of love and passion and the transformation of character

  • Educational reforms, criminal justice, and treatment of women

Alexander Dumas

• Count of Monte Cristo

• 3 Musketeers

  Participated in French 1830 revolution

Jericho

• The Charging Chasseur

• Portraits of the Insane

• The Derby of Epsom

• Raft of the Medusa

Delacroix

• Death of Sardanapalus

• Liberty Leading the People

• The Massacre at Chios

JMW Turner

“painter of light“

• The Fighting Temeraire

• The Shipwreck

De Goya

• Spanish

• Saturn Devouring his Son

• The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

• The Clothed Maja

• The Third of May (Peninsula War)

Rodin

• The Thinker

• Balzac sculpture

• The Burghers of Calais

• Sculptor

• used molds to make copies

Beethoven

• Dropped out at 11

• Fur Elise

• Symphony No. 5

• Symphony No. 9

• Violin Concerto

• Moonlight Sonata

Chopin

• Child prodigy

• Began performing at 8

• Nocturne

• Fantaisie-Impromptu

• Etudes

Wagner

• Opera composer

• Supported German revolution of 1848

• Hated Jewish people

• Die Feen

• The Flying Dutchman

• Tamhauser

• Ride of the Valkyries

Concert of Europe

Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia, France

Alfred Nobel

dynamite, nobel prize

Edmund Cartwright

power loom

Eli Whitney

cotton gin

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

steamships, boats, railway

George Stephenson

father of railways

Guglielmo Marconi

radio waves

James Hargreaves

fast spinny thing

Henry Bessmer

steel production

James Watt

improved steam engine

Orville Wright

planes

Richard Arkwright

spinning water frame

Samuel Crompton

improved spinning jenny

Samuel FB morse

morse code, transportation