(d) movement of substances into and out of cells

diffusion

the net movement of molecules from a region with a higher concentration of that molecule to a region of lower concentration

osmosis

the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water molecules (a more watery/dilute/hypertonic solution) to a region with a lower concentration of water molecules (a less watery/more concentrated/hypotonic solution) through a partially permeable membrane. in living cells, the cell membrane acts as a partially permeable membrane.

osmosis can also be described as the movement of water from an area of high water potential (higher concentration of water) to an area of lower water potential (lower concentration of water)

active transport

the net movement of molecules from a region with a lower concentration of that molecule to a region of higher concentration which requires energy

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