Chem 255 Lecture 11: Carbohydrates, part 1. Monosaccharides

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the topic of carbohydrates, specifically monosaccharides, as discussed in the lecture.

Carbohydrates

Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones, classified as aldoses and ketoses.

Monosaccharides

A single sugar unit that cannot be converted to a simpler sugar by hydrolysis.

Hexose

A monosaccharide with 6 carbons.

Aldose

A carbohydrate with an aldehyde group.

Ketose

A carbohydrate with a ketone group.

D-configuration

Configuration where the lowest stereocenter of the Fischer projection has the heteroatom on the right.

Epimers

Sugars that differ in configuration at a single stereocenter.

Pyranose

A sugar forming a 6-membered ring.

Furanose

A sugar forming a 5-membered ring.

Anomers

Sugars that differ in configuration at the acetal or hemiacetal carbon.

Fischer Projection

A method for representing the stereochemistry of carbohydrates.

Mutarotation

The change in optical rotation as alpha and beta anomers equilibrate in solution.

Haworth Projection

A cyclic representation of carbohydrates that shows configuration clearly.

Acetal

A compound formed from the reaction of an alcohol with a carbonyl, usually stable when cyclic.

Glycoside

A compound formed when a sugar reacts with an alcohol, resulting in a glycosidic bond.

Aldonic acid

A product of the oxidation of an aldose.

Alduronic acid

A product of the oxidation of the aldehyde of an aldose to a carboxylic acid.