Personality Disorders

What are the key characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?

Grandiose view of self, crave admiration, lack empathy, arrogant, exploitative, and entitled.

What are some possible developmental causes of NPD?

Rejection or neglect by caregivers and low self-esteem.

Which personality traits (OCEAN) are commonly associated with NPD?

High extraversion and low agreeableness.

What cultural factors may contribute to the development of NPD?

Certain environments, such as business culture, may encourage narcissistic traits.

What is the biggest barrier to treating NPD?

Lack of insight and denial of the harm caused by their behavior.

What are the main treatment approaches for NPD?

• Short-term psychodynamic therapy to explore vulnerabilities

• CBT to build self-esteem through realistic goals

• Treat comorbid depression

• Address shame and fragile self-worth

What are the key features of Avoidant Personality Disorder?

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

What are the main traits of Dependent Personality Disorder?

Submissive and clingy behavior, need to be taken care of, and fear of separation.

What distinguishes OCPD from OCD?

OCPD involves perfectionism and rigid rules without obsessions or compulsions; OCD involves intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions.

What are the key characteristics of OCPD?

Perfectionism, orderliness, controlling behavior, and rigid rule-following.

What are the likely causes of OCPD?

• Genetic link to anxiety

• Preference for order due to fear of instability

• Possible attachment issues

What are the treatment strategies for OCPD?

• Anxiety-reducing techniques

• Exposure to spontaneity

• Developing theory of mind

• Encouraging flexible, “big picture” thinking

How is OCPD different from high-functioning autism?

• Autism includes sensory sensitivities and communication issues

• OCPD is about perfectionism and rigid rules

• Both may share anxiety, rigidity, and difficulty seeing others' perspectives

How are Personality Disorders currently classified?

As distinct categories—you either have a PD or you don’t.

What is the argument for a dimensional model of PDs?

It would allow for more accurate, personalized diagnosis and treatment by viewing traits on a spectrum rather than as all-or-nothing.