AP Pysch

Balance

what is the function of the cerebullum

what is the function of the medulla?

Heart rate and breathing

what is the function of the reticular formation?

Arousal and alertness

what is the function of the Thalamus?

All senses except smell stop here first then are sent to a lobe

what is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Eating, Drinking, body temp and sex drive

what is the function of the Brocas area ?

Speech production and located in the frontal lobe

what is the function of the Wernicke’s area?

Understanding speech and located in the left temporal lobe

what is the function of the amygdala?

Fear and aggression

what is the function of the hippocampus?

Motor cortex(voluntary movement) and prefrontal cortex( Judgments and decision making) and impulse control

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

Somatosensory cortex: sense of touch

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

Visual cortex: vision

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

Auditory cortex: hearing

Order of visual system?

1 Cornea

2 Pupil/Iris

3 Lens

4 retina rods & cones

5 bipolar cells& ganglion cells

6 optic nerve

7 thalamus

8 occipital lobe

What is informed consent / assent

When a participant signs a waiver knowing what they are going to do. and its called informed assent when minors actually sign it by themselves

What is confidentiality?

keeping the information about the participants confidential

WHat is protection from harm?

making sure the experiment dosen’t harm the patient both physically and mentally

What is debriefing?

The post explanation of the experiment to the participants

what is positive correlation?

When two variables go up together or go down together

what is a negative correlation?

When on variable goes up and the other goes down

What is self report-bias

when people report their own behavior inaccurately

what is sampling bias

a sampling proces that is biased and produces and unrepresentative sample

what is naturalistic observation?

Just observing and don’t interfere

What is experimental?

Hypotheis If then and cause and effect

WHat is case study

One specific thing

correlation

The relationship between 2 variables. correlation dose not equal causation

meta analysis

a statistical procedure, multiple studies

What is Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What is Nurture

The influence of environmental factors on behavior and development.

what is the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Promotes 'rest and digest' functions, calming the body after stress.

what is the Sympathetic Nervous System

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response in stressful situations.

Glial Cells

Support cells in the nervous system that protect and provide nutrients to neurons.

Serotoni

A neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite. unser supply can lead to depression

Dopamine

influences voluntary movement, learning, attention and emotion.

oversupply can cause schizophrenia and undersupply can cause parkinsons

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers.

Gaba

stops neurons from firing, oversupply linked to seizures, tremors and insomnia

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness. undersupply can cause depressed mood

Agonist

A substance that enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter.

Antagonist

A substance that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter.

fMRI

A technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow.

EEG

A method to record electrical activity in the brain.

Brain Plasticity (neuroplasticity)

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Hallucinogens

Substances that alter perception and can induce hallucinations (e.g., LSD, marijuana).

Depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates).

How long is a sleep cycle

90 minutes

Alpha waves

Brain waves associated with relaxed, awake states, typically observed when a person is resting.

Delta waves

Slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Explain NREM stage 1

Markey by slow breathing, hallucinations, hypnagogic sensations( feeling of falling or floating) linked with alpha waves

Explain NREM stage 2

Last 20 min, can still be awakened and sleep spindles( things that aid memory processing) and sleep talking

Explain NREM stage 3

deep sleep hard to be awakened, last for 30 min gets shorter as the night goes on, sleep walking and Delta waves

Insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Sleep apnea

stop breathing during the night linked with obesity

REM sleep behavior disorder

REM paralysis dosent occur

Bottom-up processing

no previous knowledge

Top-down processibg

Uses past information

Wave length color blue green and red

Red-long

blue-short

green- medium

Retina

Where transduction occurs

Rods

all over retina: work in peripheral and can work in the dark or light

cones

seeing color and detail

Fovea

central focal point in retina where cones cluster and visual acuity is the best

optic nerve

creates a blind spot carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Frequency

determines pitch

Place theory

high pitched sounds

frequency and volley theory

low pitched sounds

what are the 2 chemical senses

taste and smell

Flavor=

Taste+ texture+ smell

vestibular sense

balance sense and controlled by fluid-filled semicircular canals

kinesthesis

our movement sense having no light makes it harder

what are the 6 taste sensations

Sweet, sour, salty , bitter savory/meaty(umami) and taste of fat(oleogustus)

2 types of hearing loss

Sensorineural and conduction

Sensorineural

the most common form of hearing loss caused by damage to cochleas receptor cells

Conduction

less common caused by damage to parts of ear ( mechanical system)