Unit 1

City Upon a Hill

A concept introduced by John Winthrop, symbolizing the Pilgrims' mission to be a moral example for the world.

Piety

The quality of being religious or reverent, which the Pilgrims were urged to maintain to avoid ridicule.

Covenant

A sacred agreement, particularly in the context of the Puritans' relationship with God.

American Exceptionalism

The belief that America has a unique place in the world

Declaration of Independence

A document primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson, asserting the colonies' right to self-governance and equality.

Unalienable Rights

Rights inherent to all individuals that cannot be surrendered or transferred, protected by the government.

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, which created a weak national government.

Constitution

The foundational legal document of the United States, establishing the structure of government and its powers.

Legislative Branch

The part of government responsible for making laws, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Executive Branch

The branch of government that enforces laws, led by the President.

Judicial Branch

The branch that interprets laws and administers justice through the court system.

Great Compromise

An agreement that established a bicameral legislature, balancing representation between large and small states.

Electoral College

A body of electors established by the Constitution to elect the President and Vice President.

Amendment

A formal change or addition to the Constitution, requiring a specific process for approval.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising against a federal tax on whiskey, highlighting tensions between federal authority and local resistance.

Farewell Address

George Washington's speech advising against political parties and permanent foreign alliances as he left office.

Patriotism

The love and devotion to one's country, a key aspect of American identity.

National Debt

The total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, which can impact its financial stability and security.

Temporary Alliances

Short-term partnerships with other nations, acceptable for specific purposes but cautioned against for long-term commitments.

Election of 1800

A pivotal election that resulted in the first peaceful transfer of power in the U.S., setting a precedent for future transitions.