Microbiology for MS - Chapter 25

Which bacteria causes cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax, and gastrointestinal anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

What is the mode of transmission for Bacillus anthracis?

Spores enter wound, are inhaled, or are ingested

What is a symptom of cutaneous anthax?

Eschar/skin legion

What is a symptom of inhalation anthrax?

flulike symptoms, cyanosis, shack, disorientation, coma, respiratory failure

What are symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax?

lesions in intestine, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, bloody stool

What bacteria causes whooping cough/pertussis?

Bordetella pertussis

What is a symptom of whooping cough/pertussis?

violent coughing spells with whooping sound afterward, gasping for air

How is Bordetella pertussis spread?

inhalation of respiratory droplets

What bacterium causes Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the mode of transmission for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Tick bites

What are symptoms of Lyme disease?

bullseye rash, polyarthritis, CNS infection, heart infection

What bacteria causes intestinal ulcers?

Campylobacter jejuni

How is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

ingestion of bacteria

What are symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni?

Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

What bacteria causes botulism?

Clostridium botulinum

How is Clostridium botulinum spread?

ingestion, wound contamination

What are symptoms of Clostridium botulinum?

Paralysis, cardiac/respiratory failure, nausea, double vision, difficulty swallowing

What bacteria causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium perfringens

What bacteria causes tissue gas postmortem?

Clostridium perfringens

How is Clostridium perfringens spread?

Wound contamination premortem, translocation from gastrointestinal flora postmortemW

What are the symptoms of Clostridium perfringens postmortem?

Tissue swelling with gas, bacteria unable to ferment carbs —> decomposition

What bacteria causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

How is Clostridium tetani spread?

Infection of wounds from contaminated soil

What are symptoms caused by Clostridium tetani?

Contraction of jaw/respiratory system muscles, asphyxia

What bacteria causes diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

How is Corynebacterium diphtheriae spread?

Droplet/hand to mouth

What are symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection?

Sore throat, fever, fatigue, swollen neck, pseudomembrane formation in pharynx, paralysis, demyelization of PNS

What bacteria causes traveler’s diarrhea?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

What bacteria causes enteroinvasive/enterohemorrhagic E. coli?

Escherichia coli

What are symptoms of Escherichia coli?

Fever, abdominal cramps, malaise, water diarrhea w/ pus/mucus/blood, low platelet count, hemolytic anemia, kidney failure

How is Escherichia coli spread?

Fecal-oral route

Which bacteria causes tularemia (rabbit fever)?

Francisella tularensis

What is the mode of transmission of Francisella telarensis?

Inhalation, ingestion, bites, skin breaks, bit of deer flies, rabbits, ticks, mice

What are symptoms of Francisella tularensis?

Local inflammation/small ulcer, enlargement of regional lymph nodes w/ pus, pneumonia, abscesses throughout body

Which bacteria causes bacterial meningitis?

Haemophilus influenzae

How is Haemophilus influenzae spread?

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

What are symptoms of a Haemophilus influenzae infection?

Fever, headache, stiff neck, arthritis, bacterial pneumonia

What bacteria causes stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers/peptic ulcers)?

Helicobacter pylori

How is Helicobacter pylori spread?

Ingestion of bacteria

What are symptoms of a Helicobacter pylori infection?

Nausea, vomiting, burning abdominal pain

What bacteria causes nosocomial respiratory infections?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

How is Klebsiella pneumoniae spread?

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

What are symptoms of a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection?

Urinary, respiratory, and wound infections

What bacteria causes Legionnaire’s disease?

Legionella pneumophilia

What is a mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophilia?

Airborne transmission

What are symptoms of Legionella pneumophilia?

Fever, cough, pneumonia symptoms

What bacteria causes leptospirosis?

Leptospira interrogans

What are symptoms of a Leptospira interrogans infection?

Headache, muscle ache, chills, fever, CNS infection, jaundice

What is the mode of transmission for Leptospira interrogans?

Through the skin after contact with contaminated water, soil, animal waste

Which bacteria causes listeriosis?

Listeria monocytogenes

What are the modes of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes?

Ingestion of contaminated food, soil, and water

What are symptoms of a Listeria monocytogenes infection?

Fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea, stiff neck, confusion, convulsions

Which bacteria causes mycobacterium aviumcomplex?

Mycobacterium avium

What are symptoms of a Mycobacterium avium infection?

Found in those with under 50 T4 cells, weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, swollen glands, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness

What is the mode of transmission of Mycobacterium avium?

Unknown. Assumed to be environmentally acquired

Which bacteria causes tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is the mode of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

inhalation of respiratory droplets

What are symptoms of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

Coughing up blood/sputum, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, anorexia, chills, fever, night sweats

Which bacteria causes opthalmia neonatorum and gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What are symptoms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in neonates?

Infant blindness

What is the mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in neonates?

contact with birth canal

What is the mode of transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?

direct sexual contact

What are symptoms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?

Pustular discharge from genitalia, painful urination, sterility, rectal infections

Which bacteria causes Meningococcal meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis

What is the mode of transmission of Neisseria meningitidis?

Oral/respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected sites on body

What are symptoms of a Neisseria meningitidis infection?

Acute headache, stiff neck, fever, rash, spontaneous blood clotting, erosion of adrenal glands

Which species of bacteria causes infections in burns?

Proteus

How is the Proteus species transmitted?

Wound contamination

What are symptoms of a proteus species infection?

Infections in a burn wound

Which bacteria causes generalized decomposition after death?

Proteus vulgaris

How is Proteus vulgaris transmitted?

Bacterial translocation

What are symptoms/signs of a Proteus vulgaris infection?

Postmortem ptomaine formation from proteins

What bacteria causes salmonella food poisoning/salmonellosis?

Salmonella enterica

What is the method of transmission for Salmonella enterica?

Ingestion of contaminated food

What are symptoms of Salmonella enterica infection?

Fever, chills, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea

Which bacteria causes typhoid fever?

Salmonella enterica Typhi

How is Salmonella enterica Typhi spread?

Fecal-oral route

What are symptoms of a Salmonella enterica Typhi infection?

Fever, headache, abdominal pain, rose spots on abdomen, nosebleeds, whitish furlike growth on tongue

What bacteria causes Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis/gay bowel syndrome)?

Shigella species

What is the mode of transmission for the Shigella species leading to Bacillary dysentery?

Fecal-oral route via anal-oral sex, flies, fingers, contaminated food/water

What is the mode of transmission for the Shigella species leading to food poisoning?

Ingestion of contaminated food

What are symptoms of Bacillary dysentery caused by the Shigella species?

Severe diarrhea with blood and mucus, abdominal cramps, fever

What are symptoms of food poisoning caused by the Shigella species?

Headache, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea

Which bacteria causes skin and wound infections, toxic shock syndrome, and food poisoning?

Staphylococcus aureus

How is Stapylococcus aureus spread?

Direct contact, tampons, surgical procedures, ingestion of toxins in food

What are symptoms of a Staphylococcus aureus infection?

Pimples, furuncles, carbuncles, septicemia, watery diarrhea, hypotension, shock

What bacteria causes meningitis in newborns?

Streptococcus agalactiae

What is the mode of transmission of Streptococcus agalactiae?

ingestion of raw milk

What are symptoms of a Streptococcus agalactiae infection?

Lethargy, jaundice, respiratory distress, shock, pneumonia, anorexia