Studied by 2 people
what is the order of the classification of plant and animals?
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, (darn king phillip's class ousts family's good sport)
what is the plural of genus?
genera
what is the correct way to write a scientific name of a species?
both words underlined or italicized, genus capitalized, species not
what are the layers of tissue?
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
what are the types of symmetry
diploblastic and triploblastic
what do triplobasts have that diploblasts are missing?
mesoderm
what do diploblastics have? another word for it?
radial, ecto and endoderm missing mesoderm
what do triploblastics have? another word for it?
bilateral, ecto, meso, and endoderm
which symmetry do deuterostomes generally have?
bilateral symmetry
which symmetry do protostomes generally have?
radial symmetry
info about porifera
sponges, asymmetrical, no true differentiated tissues
what is the most diverse group of animals?
insects
what are the types of coeloms?
acoelom, pseudocoelom, and coelom
what are the characteristics of acoelomorpha?
no body cavity separates gut and body wall
which derivates form which parts of the aceolomorpha
ectoderm forms epidermis, mesoderm forms body wall and internal organs, endoderm forms gut
what are the characteristics of pseudocoelomate
no mesoderm surrounding endoderm
which derivates form which body parts of the pseudocoelomates
endoderm forms gut, mesoderm forms internal organs and body wall, ectoderm forms epidermis
What are the characteristics of coelomates?
coelom completely lined with peritoneum, membranes hold organs together and to body, endoderm surrounded by mesoderm
Which derivates form which body parts of the coelomates?
mesoderm forms peritoneum, endoderm forms gut and internal organs, ectoderm forms epidermis
what is a coelom?
the body cavity
what are the 2 types of cleavage? what do they mean?
spiral (twist while cleaving) and radial (no twist while cleaving)
which type of cleavage formed the protostomes?
spiral
which type of cleavage formed the deuterostomes?
radial
which order did the mouth/anus form in protostomes?
mouth first
which order did the mouth/anus form in deuterostomes?
anus first
how did the mouth/anus form?
the blastula has an opening when it folds in on itself, metazoans will use that opening as a mouth/anus
which type of coelom forms in protostomes?
schizocoelom
what is a schizocoelom?
initially disconnected from archenteron, mesoderm differentiates near the blastopore, coelom originates as a split in mesoderm
which type of coelom forms in deuterostomes?
enterocoelom
what is an enterocoelom?
initially connected to archenteron, mesoderm differentiates from outpocketings of the archenteron, coelom forms from space within outpocketings
which type of nerve cord do protostomes have?
ventral, surroudn digestive tract anteriourly
which type of nerve cord do deuterostomes have?
dorsal, does not surround digestive tract
summarize 3 main differences between protostomes and deuterostomes? protostomes
spiral cleavage, schizocoelom, blastopore forms mouth, determinate cleavage, ventral nerve cord
summarize 3 main differences between protosomtes and deuterostomes? deuterostomes
radial cleavage, enterocoloem, blasopore forms anus, indeterminate cleavage, dorsal nerve cord
what does determinate cleavage mean?
if you moved a cell in development to a different location, it would still form what it was going to before it moved
what does indeterminate cleavage mean?
if you moved a cell in development to a different location, it would form the cell that was going to form in that new location
what are the 3 ways protostomes are divided?
lophotrochozoans, ecysozoans, and larva
example of and details about ctenophora?
comb jelly. gelatinous body, combs of fused cilia projecting like comb in locomotion
example of and details about porifera?
venus flower basket. asymmetrical, no true tissues, sessile as adults, no nerves, filter feeders
example of and details about placozoa?
plate animals. reproduce asexually, two cell layers, no nervous system, digest externally
example of and details about cnidaria?
jellyfish, sea anemones, coral. diploblastic, radial symmetry, polyp or medusa,
what is a list of examples for cnidaria?
jellyfish, sea anemones, coral, hydra, cubozoa, hydrozoa, cnidocytes and nematocysts
what are the 2 forms of developmental phases for cnidaria?
polyp and medusa, medusa=mobile, polyp=sessile
details about rotifera
small, complicated, corona (crown of cilia used to pull water inside), has entire digestive system
what are the three bilateral lophotrochozoans?
platyhelminthes, mollusca, annelida
what are platyhelminthes? examples?
flatworms, scavengers, predators, ectoparasites, endoparasites. live fluke, tapeworms
what are mollusca examples?
clams, oysters, scallops, mussles, snails, nudibranches, slugs, limpets, octopus/squid/neutilus
what are annelia? examples?
segmented worms, display metemeric segmentation. earth worms, leeches
are lophotrochozoans proto or deutero?
proto
what are the 3 phylums (1 and 2 sub groups) in bilaterally symmetrical protostomes
ecdysozoans, (nematoda, arthropoda)
what are ecdysozoans?
external cuticle of chitin protection, is shed when growing, vulnerable when shedding cuticle and while it's hardening
what phylums are in ecdysozoans (only need to know)
nematoda and arthropoda
what are nematoda? examples?
round worms, live in many places, decomposers. pinworms and hookworms
what are arthropoda? examples?
exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed legs. spider, scorpion, horseshoe crab, centipedes, barnacles
what are most important details about arthropoda?
pollination, food source, pest control and also pests
what does an exoskeleton provide?
protection, structure, water resistance, prevent desiccation (drying), muscle attachment place
what are the 3 phyla in deuterostoms?
echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata
what are echinodermata? examples?
spiny skin, larvae are bilaterally symmetrical, adults are pentaradially symmetrical, water vascular system and tube feet. starfish, urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
what are hemichordata? examples?
long proboscis and body, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, stomochord. acorn worms
what are 3 subphyla in chordata?
urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata
what do all chordatae have at some point in their lives?
notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, segmented muscle with post-anal tail
what does a notochord do? in which subphyla does it dissapear?
stiffens body, ventral to nerve cord, signal center for nerve cord. vertebrates it disapears
what is a dorsal hollow nerve cord?
neural tube, brain is expansion of tube
what are pharyngeal gill slits?
perforated pharynx
what is segmented muscle with post-anal tail?
gut tube ends before body
what are cephalochordata? examples?
chord extends past mouth, mouth has tentacles for filter feeding. lancelet
what are urochordata? examples?
larvae looks closer to typical chordate than adult stage, sessile filter feeders, pharynx has thick layer of mucus to trap foody water. tunicate
what are the subgroups in vertebrata? examples
many are fish, jawless fish, cartelagenous fish, bony fish, tetrapods
what are examples in jawless fish? cartelagenous fish?
hagfish and lamprey. sharks and mantarays.
what are subgroups in tetrapods?
humans, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
what are examples in amphibians? reptiles?
frogs, salamanders, and newts. turtles, lizards, and snakes.
what are the 3 groups of mammals?
egg-laying mammals, marsupials, placental mammals
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