Theme 2B: Diversity of Plants and animals

what is the order of the classification of plant and animals?

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, (darn king phillip's class ousts family's good sport)

what is the plural of genus?

genera

what is the correct way to write a scientific name of a species?

both words underlined or italicized, genus capitalized, species not

what are the layers of tissue?

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

what are the types of symmetry

diploblastic and triploblastic

what do triplobasts have that diploblasts are missing?

mesoderm

what do diploblastics have? another word for it?

radial, ecto and endoderm missing mesoderm

what do triploblastics have? another word for it?

bilateral, ecto, meso, and endoderm

which symmetry do deuterostomes generally have?

bilateral symmetry

which symmetry do protostomes generally have?

radial symmetry

info about porifera

sponges, asymmetrical, no true differentiated tissues

what is the most diverse group of animals?

insects

what are the types of coeloms?

acoelom, pseudocoelom, and coelom

what are the characteristics of acoelomorpha?

no body cavity separates gut and body wall

which derivates form which parts of the aceolomorpha

ectoderm forms epidermis, mesoderm forms body wall and internal organs, endoderm forms gut

what are the characteristics of pseudocoelomate

no mesoderm surrounding endoderm

which derivates form which body parts of the pseudocoelomates

endoderm forms gut, mesoderm forms internal organs and body wall, ectoderm forms epidermis

What are the characteristics of coelomates?

coelom completely lined with peritoneum, membranes hold organs together and to body, endoderm surrounded by mesoderm

Which derivates form which body parts of the coelomates?

mesoderm forms peritoneum, endoderm forms gut and internal organs, ectoderm forms epidermis

what is a coelom?

the body cavity

what are the 2 types of cleavage? what do they mean?

spiral (twist while cleaving) and radial (no twist while cleaving)

which type of cleavage formed the protostomes?

spiral

which type of cleavage formed the deuterostomes?

radial

which order did the mouth/anus form in protostomes?

mouth first

which order did the mouth/anus form in deuterostomes?

anus first

how did the mouth/anus form?

the blastula has an opening when it folds in on itself, metazoans will use that opening as a mouth/anus

which type of coelom forms in protostomes?

schizocoelom

what is a schizocoelom?

initially disconnected from archenteron, mesoderm differentiates near the blastopore, coelom originates as a split in mesoderm

which type of coelom forms in deuterostomes?

enterocoelom

what is an enterocoelom?

initially connected to archenteron, mesoderm differentiates from outpocketings of the archenteron, coelom forms from space within outpocketings

which type of nerve cord do protostomes have?

ventral, surroudn digestive tract anteriourly

which type of nerve cord do deuterostomes have?

dorsal, does not surround digestive tract

summarize 3 main differences between protostomes and deuterostomes? protostomes

spiral cleavage, schizocoelom, blastopore forms mouth, determinate cleavage, ventral nerve cord

summarize 3 main differences between protosomtes and deuterostomes? deuterostomes

radial cleavage, enterocoloem, blasopore forms anus, indeterminate cleavage, dorsal nerve cord

what does determinate cleavage mean?

if you moved a cell in development to a different location, it would still form what it was going to before it moved

what does indeterminate cleavage mean?

if you moved a cell in development to a different location, it would form the cell that was going to form in that new location

what are the 3 ways protostomes are divided?

lophotrochozoans, ecysozoans, and larva

example of and details about ctenophora?

comb jelly. gelatinous body, combs of fused cilia projecting like comb in locomotion

example of and details about porifera?

venus flower basket. asymmetrical, no true tissues, sessile as adults, no nerves, filter feeders

example of and details about placozoa?

plate animals. reproduce asexually, two cell layers, no nervous system, digest externally

example of and details about cnidaria?

jellyfish, sea anemones, coral. diploblastic, radial symmetry, polyp or medusa,

what is a list of examples for cnidaria?

jellyfish, sea anemones, coral, hydra, cubozoa, hydrozoa, cnidocytes and nematocysts

what are the 2 forms of developmental phases for cnidaria?

polyp and medusa, medusa=mobile, polyp=sessile

details about rotifera

small, complicated, corona (crown of cilia used to pull water inside), has entire digestive system

what are the three bilateral lophotrochozoans?

platyhelminthes, mollusca, annelida

what are platyhelminthes? examples?

flatworms, scavengers, predators, ectoparasites, endoparasites. live fluke, tapeworms

what are mollusca examples?

clams, oysters, scallops, mussles, snails, nudibranches, slugs, limpets, octopus/squid/neutilus

what are annelia? examples?

segmented worms, display metemeric segmentation. earth worms, leeches

are lophotrochozoans proto or deutero?

proto

what are the 3 phylums (1 and 2 sub groups) in bilaterally symmetrical protostomes

ecdysozoans, (nematoda, arthropoda)

what are ecdysozoans?

external cuticle of chitin protection, is shed when growing, vulnerable when shedding cuticle and while it's hardening

what phylums are in ecdysozoans (only need to know)

nematoda and arthropoda

what are nematoda? examples?

round worms, live in many places, decomposers. pinworms and hookworms

what are arthropoda? examples?

exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed legs. spider, scorpion, horseshoe crab, centipedes, barnacles

what are most important details about arthropoda?

pollination, food source, pest control and also pests

what does an exoskeleton provide?

protection, structure, water resistance, prevent desiccation (drying), muscle attachment place

what are the 3 phyla in deuterostoms?

echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

what are echinodermata? examples?

spiny skin, larvae are bilaterally symmetrical, adults are pentaradially symmetrical, water vascular system and tube feet. starfish, urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

what are hemichordata? examples?

long proboscis and body, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, stomochord. acorn worms

what are 3 subphyla in chordata?

urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

what do all chordatae have at some point in their lives?

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, segmented muscle with post-anal tail

what does a notochord do? in which subphyla does it dissapear?

stiffens body, ventral to nerve cord, signal center for nerve cord. vertebrates it disapears

what is a dorsal hollow nerve cord?

neural tube, brain is expansion of tube

what are pharyngeal gill slits?

perforated pharynx

what is segmented muscle with post-anal tail?

gut tube ends before body

what are cephalochordata? examples?

chord extends past mouth, mouth has tentacles for filter feeding. lancelet

what are urochordata? examples?

larvae looks closer to typical chordate than adult stage, sessile filter feeders, pharynx has thick layer of mucus to trap foody water. tunicate

what are the subgroups in vertebrata? examples

many are fish, jawless fish, cartelagenous fish, bony fish, tetrapods

what are examples in jawless fish? cartelagenous fish?

hagfish and lamprey. sharks and mantarays.

what are subgroups in tetrapods?

humans, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

what are examples in amphibians? reptiles?

frogs, salamanders, and newts. turtles, lizards, and snakes.

what are the 3 groups of mammals?

egg-laying mammals, marsupials, placental mammals