APUSH CH8

Neomercantilist A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation, especially in the northeast.

Panic of 1819 1st major economic crisis of the United States. Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30% drop in the world agriculture prices, and as farmers' income declined, they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks, many went bankrupt.

Commonwealth System The Republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820, whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare.

Sentimentalism A way of experiencing the world that emphasized emotions and a sensuous appreciation of God, nature, and people.

Companionate Marriages A marriage based on the republican values of equality and mutual respect.

Demographic Transition The sharp decline in birthrate in the United States beginning in the 1790's that was caused by changes in cultural behavior, including the use of birth control.

Republican Motherhood The idea that the primary political role of American women was to instill a sense of patriotic duty and republican virtue in their children and mold them into exemplary republican citizens.

Manumission The legal act of relinquishing property rights in slaves.

Herrenvolk Republic A republic based on the principle of rule by a master race.

American Colonization Society founded b Henry Clay and other prominent citizens in 1817. The society argued that slaves had to be freed and then resettled in Africa or elsewhere.

Missouri Compromise A series of political agreements devised by Henry Clay. This bargain set the northern boundary of slavery in the lands of the Louisiana Purchase at the southern boundary of Missouri, with the exception of that state.

Established Church A church given privileged legal states by the government. Established churches in Europe and America were supported by public taxes and often the only legally permitted religious institutions.

Voluntarism The funding of churches by their members.

"unchurched" Irreligious Americans, who probably constituted a majority of the population in 1800.

Second Great Awakening Unprecedented religious revivals that swept the nation between 1790 and 1850; it also proved to be a major impetus for the reform movements of the era.

John Jacob Astor Merchant who became the nations first millionaire. Became wealthy by carrying furs from the Pacific Northwest to China and investing in New York City Real Estate.

Benjamin Rush Wrote "Thoughts on Female Education." Philadelphia physician that argued that young women should ensure their husbands perseverance in the paths of rectitude.

Henry Clay A society member, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a slave owner (1817). Argued that slaves had to be freed and then resettled.

Richard Allen Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

Lyman Beecher Preeminent Congregationalist clergyman. New England congregationalists that accepted the traditional christian belief that people had a natural tendency to sin; but, rejecting predestination, he affirmed the capacity of all men and women to chose god.

Emma Willard First american advocate of higher education for women. Opened the Middlebury Female Seminary in Vermont in 1814.