BIO 101 Chapter 3B Obj jc

What is the Endomembrane System

Includes all the membranes that work together to make, modify, and move proteins and lipids

Organelles Part of the Endomembrane System

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Vacuole

Cell Membrane

Nucleus Function

Store DNA

How Many Membranes Make Up the Nuclear Envelope

2

Nuclear Pores Function

Openings in the nucleus to let things in and out

Nucleoplasm Function

Fluid of the nucleus

Nucleolus Function

Synthesize rRNA

Chromatin Function

Collection of DNA and RNA Proteins that you find in the nucleus

Chromosome Function

A continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes that help make and move molecules

Free Ribosomes

Ribosomes that are free in the cytoplasm, synthesize proteins that stay inside the cell

Bound Ribosomes

Ribosomes that are attached to rough ER, synthesize proteins that are sent out of the cell

Smooth ER Functions

No protein synthesis, filter organelles, detoxification, make lipids

Rough ER Functions

Protein synthesis, manipulate, package, and send out proteins

Vacuole Function

Store water and nutrients, regulate salt and water concentration

Mitochondria Reaction & Result (energy carrier)

Cellular Respiration & ATP

Number Internal Compartments of Mitochondria

2

Mitochondrial Matrix

Liquid-filled space in the inner Mitochondrial membrane

Cristae

folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, adds surface area for ATP production

Chloroplast Reaction & Result (energy rich biomolecule)

Photosynthesis, Glucose

Number of Membrane Layers in Chloroplast

3 (2 outer membranes, a 3rd interconnected membrane)

Stroma

Fluid in chloroplast where light independent reactions happen

Granum

A stack of thylakoids

Thylakoid Membrane

The membrane of each thylakoid disc, contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight, where light dependent reactions occur

Microtubules Function

Act as highways within a cell

Intermediate Filaments Function

Provide shape and structure

Microfilaments Function

Anchoring of organelles

Actin

Building block of microfilaments

Tubulin

Building block of microtubules

Motor Protein

Protein that moves along microtubules to transport cargo, needs ATP to do work

Cilia and Flagella

Hair like projections of eukaryotic cells
Cilia - smaller and more numerous
Flagella - longer and less numerous

9+2 Pattern

Arrangement of microtubules, 9 outer pairs and central pair of microtubules

Tight Junction Function

Tightly seal cells together to prevent breakage

Anchoring Junction Function

Hold cells together to provide structural strength and flexibility

Gap Junction Function

Allow molecules and signals to pass between adjacent cells for communication

Plasmodesmata Function

Passageways that move water, nutrients, and signals from cell to cell through cell walls to let plant cells share materials and communicate

Endosymbiont Theory

Origin of eukaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts came from ancient bacteria living inside larger cells

Evidence for Endosymbiont Theory

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own circular DNA, like bacteria. Binary Fission, divide like bacteria. Have more bacterial-looking ribosomes than those in eukaryotic cells, same type of ribosomes. Each has 2 membranes, suggesting they were once engulfed by another cell