Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Midterms)

Kapwa

recognition of "shared identity, an inner self shared, with others

Pagtutunguha

• is another term which can be used to refer to all levels of interaction

• connotes ‘superficial’ level of interaction

Paninindigan

conviction

Pakikipagkapwa

‘humanness to its highest level’

Kapwa precepts

In communion: Ka-isa/Kasama

In communication: Ka-usap/Kakilala

In harmony: Ka-palagayang-loob

In communion

Ka-isa/Kasama

In communication

Ka-usap/Kakilala

In harmony

Ka-palagayang-loob

Kapwa identity

facilitated by the outcome of interactions, which moves in a ‘direction of mutual acceptance’.

Categories of Kapwa

In-group and Out-Group; Member and Non-Member; Insider and Outsider

Domains of Ibang Tao

1. Pakikitungo

2. Pakikisalamuha

3. Pakikilahok

4. Pakikibagay

5. Pakikisama

Pakikitungo

civility- standard of conduct that sets out how one should interact. stated simply, one should always treat each other with consideration and respect.

Pakikisalamuha

act of mixing

Pakikilahok

act of joining

Pakikibagay

conformity- the act of matching attitudes, beliefs/and behaviors to group norms

Pakikisama

being united with the group

Domains of Hindi Ibang Tao

1. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob

2. Pakikisangkot

3. Pakikipagkaisa

Pakikipagpalagyang-loob

act of mutual trust- obligations owed in any relationship

Pakikisangkot

act of joining others

Pakikipagkaisa

being one with others

Kapwa dimensions

1. Behavioral

2. Socio-psychological

3. Moral and normative

Behavioral Dimensions

modes and levels of interaction

Socio-psychological Dimensions

treat one another as fellow human beings (kapwa tao). This means a regard for the dignity and being of others.

Moral and normative Dimensions

value and conviction (paninindigan)

Kapwa reflecting in different Filipino sentiments

• Kababayan

• Kaakbay

• Kaibigan

• Kasama

• Kaanak

Kababayan

means my fellow-countrymen; root word, ‘bayan, country’. When Filipinos meet other fellow Filipinos, that instant recognition and connection spark up because we are ______.

Kaakbay

means to support. The root word ‘akbay’ conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder.

Kaibigan

means friend, the root word is ‘ibig’ which means to love.

Kasama

means someone I am with, the root word ‘sama’ means ‘to be with or together with’

Kaanak

means one’s kin, root word being ‘anak’ which means sons and daughters.

Ka

a union refers to any kind of relationship, a union, with everyone and everything

Puwang

Space

KAPWA

refers to that ‘space’ we share with others as fellow Filipinos and fellow human beings, sensing that space as being both a psychic and physical space.

Significance of Kapwa in Filipino Society

• Kapwa means togetherness or shared identity

• It shows how important it is to treat others with kindness and respect

• In Filipino culture, kapwa is a key to forming relationships. It teaches us to see others as part of ourselves.

• This way people come together, bridging gaps in age, status or education.

Bayanihan Spirit

shows the power of working together

Key parts of kapwa in building communities

• Seeing everyone as connected

• Encouraging empathy and kindness

• Creating a sense of shared identity

Tao sa katawan

The physical presence of a person

Tao sa katauhan

the deeper sense of being a person, beyond just the body

Ano ang konteksto ng pagpapakatao?

Pagpapakatao starts from the physical aspect (tao sa katawan), but it also involves deeper aspects like tao sa katauhan(metaphysical, character).

taong-tao

genuinely human

pakitang-tao

just pretending

tau-tauhan

puppet-like, not real

Ano ang kahulugan ng 'tao' sa katawan at katauhan sa Tagalog?

The concept of tao is rooted in the body (katawan) but also seen in inner traits (katauhan).

Loob

inner self

taos-puso

sincere

matigas ang puso

hard-hearted

Bituka

gut

halang ang bituka

ruthless

Buto

bones

maitim ang buto

evil

matigas ang buto

strong-willed

lukso ng dugo

blood connection

mabigat ang dugo

dislikable

matalino

smart

kulang sa utak

not smart

walang atay

emotionless, no conscience

pagkatao at pagiging ‘tao’

a consciousness of ‘being’

Diwa

spirit, essence, psyche

kaluluwa

soul

hilagyo

essence, uniqueness

Malay

awareness, perception

Bait

Wisdom

Malay-tao

consciousness of external reality

Awareness

is knowing, perceiving, and recognizing events, allowing behavioral responses

Budhi

• conscience, moral awareness.

• Two meanings:

  1. Moral & internal → guides right vs. wrong.

  2. Intellectual & external → evaluates reality.

• Helps guide prosocial behavior and prevents acting on basic urges.

Unawa

• The highest level of consciousness, after malay and haka (speculation).

• Understanding is gained through intuition and interpretation of sensory information.

Ulirat

• sense, awareness.

• More than just malay-tao (consciousness), it includes:

  • Bait (reason)

  • Damdam (emotion)

  • Pakiramdam (intuition)

  • Pandama (sensation)

Losing ulirat

losing all connection to reality

Damdam

to feel

Damdamin

emotions

Pakiramdam

empathy, shared feelings

gin-hawa

well-being

Hiya (Shame)

A universal sanction in Filipino culture, creating a deep emotional realization of having failed to live up to societal standards. It is focused on external judgment and adherence to societal norms.

Frank Lynch, SJ

He defined hiya as ‘the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies the awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position or performing a socially unacceptable action’.

Hiya as a Social Control

Hiya acts as a controlling element of society, where a person’s behavior is restricted by the sense of hiya. Public behavior is censured or approved based on the presence of hiya.

Self-Esteem and Hiya

One's self-esteem fluctuates depending on the value placed on hiya. Being ridiculed in public, censured openly, or failing to meet expectations causes a significant experience of hiya.

Filipino Concept of Shame

Hiya is centered around maintaining social harmony and is primarily motivated by the desire to be accepted within a group.

Surface Value of Hiya

Hiya is considered a major Filipino surface value, meaning it is a readily seen and observed value esteemed by many Filipinos, including concepts like "Amor propio."

Amor Propio

A Spanish term meaning "love of self" or self-respect, which reinforces the concept of hiya in Filipino culture.

How will we face people?

"Anong mukha ang ihaharap namin sa tao?"

Their reputation is ruined with us.

Basang-basa ang papel niya sa amin.

Jeremiah Lasquety-Reyes

He defined two kinds of hiya: (1) Hiya as shame or embarrassment (a passion) and (2) hiya as active, sacrificial self-control for the sake of others (a virtue).

Chino, F.

He views the Filipino sense of shame as “misguided and misplaced, where people are more motivated to avoid embarrassment than failure, often leading to avoiding the right actions for the wrong reasons”.

Pakikisama

A Filipino trait derived from "sama" meaning "to go along." It involves yielding to the will of the leader or majority to make group decisions unanimous. __ can have both positive and negative interpretations.

Conformity

Defined by Church and Katigbak (2000) as getting along with or making concessions to others. It is the act of submission and emphasizes prioritizing others over oneself.

Pakikisama as a Filipino Trait

An interpersonal relationship where people are friendly and get along with each other. It is considered a basic tendency among Filipinos, reflecting human friendliness and affinity.

Cultural Roots & Influence of Pakikisama

Rooted in the value of "bayan" (community) and "bayanihan" (working together for a common good). It shapes cultural identity and reinforces the value of pakikisama among Filipinos.

Kabayan Mindset

The Filipino value of belonging to a group, finding comfort and security within a close-knit community. It fosters camaraderie and strong bonds with family, friends, and neighbors.

Pakikisama in Interpersonal Relationships

A fundamental aspect of relationships in the Philippines, involving consideration, respect, and empathy. It builds trust and rapport by being considerate and not hurting others' feelings.

Promoting Harmony and Cooperation through Pakikisama

The ability to maintain harmony and cooperation within communities. By prioritizing collective welfare, Filipinos work together towards common goals.

Balancing Pakikisama with Other Filipino Values

Achieving a balance between pakikisama and values such as being matino (sensible), maaasahan (accountable), may pananagutan (responsible), prinsipyo (integrity), and malasakit (with deep concern).

Matino

Sensible

Maasahan

Accountable

Pananagutan

Responsible

Prinsipyo

Integrity

Malasakit

With deep concern

Utang na Loob

An internal and personal obligation to repay someone who has done a favor. It cannot be quantified and goes beyond material value. Often translated as “debt of gratitude.”

Gripaldo (2005) on Utang na Loob

Describes Utang na Loob as dynamic and possessing characteristics of other Filipino values.

De Castro (1998) on Utang na Loob

Says the obligation to repay is self-imposed.

Miranda (1987) on Utang na Loob

Supports that Utang na Loob is self-binding, meaning it comes from within the person.