Unit 1 Test Water Pollution Review

Sediment Pollution

Pollution by sand, soil and other minerals that are washed into streams and rivers after rainffall. (ex: logging, careless farming, mining)

Bacterial Pollution

Contamination of water by bacteria (ex : monure, human waste, spoiled food)

Toxic Pollution

Contamination of water by materials that Cause death, dis ease, or bir th defects (ex:gas,paint)

Nutrient Pollution

Contamination of water by excessive nutrients, usually nitrogen and phouphorus (ex: fertilizer, manure, human waste)

Aquifer

underground, permeable region of soil or rock that is saturated in water

Clean Water Act

the main U.S. federal Law that regulates water pollution

Watershed

land area surounding a body of water over which water such as rain could enter that bedy of water

Turbidity

the cloudiness of water

Ground Water Overdraft

wing water supply faster than can be replenished - causes a well to dry up

Point source pollution

pollution is coming fram a specific place and can be "pointed" to on map ex: chemicals from pipe draining into the river

Non-point source pollution

pollution does not come from any specific location ex: runoff from roads or careless farming

"biological treatment" of waste water?

Bacteria is used to break down waste and microorganisms + Plants remove nutrients (nitrgen, phasphorus, E. Coli)

Ppm

Parts per million

Ppb

Parts per billion (smaller than ppm)

Toxic Pollution examples

paint + paint thinner, gasoline leak oil

Sediment Pollution examples

trees being remared and soil washed into streams or rivers

Bacterial Pollution examples

living microbes (bacteria) washed down a drain

Nutrient Pollution example

washing clothes in a stream with detergent that contains phosphorus

Steps of Eutrophication (nutrient pollution)

1. Excess nutrients enter a body of water

2. Algea reproduces, using up oxygen and blocking sunlight

3. Underwater plants die

4. Bacteria consumes excess wastes and nutrients uaing up oxygen

Runoff

Water from precipitation that flows over the surface of land

Water Pollution

Anything that may degrade the quality of water making it difficult for organisms to live

Primary waste water treatment

treatment is a physical process that removes large particles with a screen

Secondary waste water treatment

treatment is a biological process that uses microorganisms to break down organic matter

When treatment marshes are used by sewage treatment facilities to treat wastewater, the treatment marsh is acting as a form of ——— treatment because it relies on the biological organisms in the marsh.

Secondary

Adding oxygen to water during secondary treatment is important because

It keeps bacteria alive and allows the bacteria to break down waste

Which practice requires the greatest amount of water in our homes?

flushing the toilet

Pollutant concentration is highest where?

Closest to the source of pollution

Traditional water treatment

Used for big cities and starts by using screens to clear debris (-) it uses chemicals to treat the water (+) treats water very quickly and efficiently

Wetland water treatment

Uses screens to clear debris at the start of the process. Uses marshes to purify water (+) more natural and eco-friendly process that does not use chemicals (-) takes longer to process water and not as efficient as traditional water treatment

Flint water crisis

1. City switched water source over to Flint River Water

2. The river was highly corrosive

3. Switched back to Detriot water system but damage already done to pipes in Flint

4. Pipes leak lead into water going into homes and businesses of Flint

Point Source Pollution

Pollution in which the source can be identified. Example: Smoke from a factory smokestack, waste water from a factory pipe

Non-Point Source Pollution

Pollution in which the source cannot be identified. Example: runoff from a farm field, golf course, or housing development

Dissolved Oxygen

The amount of oxygen in the water

Chlorine

Not naturally found in water at any appreciable levels but is added to public water systems and swimming pools as a bactericide

Know the parts of the water cycle