Thucydides (Oxford World's Classics: Hammond)

Athens

The resources of \___ alone were greater in the Peloponnesian War than those of the combined Greek forces against Persia

broadly

'My method has been to make each speaker say (exactly, broadly, generally) what I supposed would have been needed'

rigour

'In recording the events of the war my principle has been to...apply the greatest possible (rigour, guesswork, research)

permanent

\[The History] was composed as a \______ legacy, not a showpiece for a single hearing

real

'In my view the \____ reason, true but unacknowledged'

growth

'the real reason... which forced the war was the \____ of Athenian power and Spartan fear of it

Colonists

Corcyraeans to Athenians: '\____ are sent out on the basis of equality with their fellows left at home, not in subservience to them.'

Spartan

Corcyraeans to Athenians: 'fear of your power is fuelling \_______ desire for war

Sybota

Battle of \______ (433): 'the greatest sea-battle ever fought up till then by Greeks against Greeks.'

Aegina

Which island was Thucydides discussing here?'...in secret collaboration with the Corinthians they played a major part in instigating the war'.

Slow

Corinthians to Spartans 432: 'So you have been \____ long enough'.

Attica

Corinthians to Spartans 432: 'To support your allies ... you must now make all speed to invade\______.'

motives

Athenians 432: in creating an empire, the \___ driving us were: 'first and foremost, fear, then prestige, and later our own interests.'

moderate

Athenians 432: 'if others were to take our place we think it would become abundantly clear how (fair, harsh, moderate, severe) we are.

weaker

Athenians 432: 'the \______ must give way to the strong'

Archidamus

Who said: 'Our finances, then? There is no money in a common treasury, and we do not readily make contributions from our private means?'

barbarians

Archidamus 432: '...we cannot be blamed if for our own preservation we bring in help from \____ as well as Greeks.'

power

'In voting for war... the Spartans were not so much influenced by the arguments of their allies as by their fear of increasing Athenian \_____

Naxos

In the Athenian empire, which 'was the first allied state to lose its freedom'?

Megara

Which place was 'the first and the main cause of the intense hatred felt by Corinth for Athens'?

tyrant

Corinthians 432 re Athens: 'the \___ city now established in Greece threatens tyranny over all of us alike'

Pericles

Who was this? 'He was the most influential man of his day and the leader of the state.'

Themistocles

'So ended the stories of Pausanias of Sparta and \____ of Athens, the two most eminent Greeks of their time.'

action

'Pericles the son of Xanthippus, the leading Athenian at that time and a man of the greatest ability with both words and in \_____.'

money

Pericles re the Peloponnesians' problems, 432: 'The most important point is that they will be hampered by lack of \_____'

mistakes

Pericles 432: 'I am more afraid of our own\___ than of any enemy strategies.'

glory

Pericles 432: 'Remember too that for states and individuals alike the greatest dangers give rise to the greatest \_____

Corcyra

The immediate start of the war was 'the affair of Epidamnus and \_____'

Spartans

At the start of the war, 'the general feeling among the Greeks was very much in favour of the \_______'

liberating

The Spartans won general support because they proclaimed they were \____ Greece

inclusion

At the beginning: 'such was the anger that most felt for the Athenians, some looking for release from their empire, others fearing their i\_____'

disasters

Melesippus, Spartan messenger to Athenians when they refused to parley with them, 431: 'This day will be the beginning of great \____ for the Greeks'

tyranny

In 430, Pericles: 'The empire you possess is by now like a t\_____ - perhaps wrong to acquire it, but certainly dangerous to let it go.'

disengaged

Pericles 430 'The d\____ can survive only when men of action are ranked beside them.'

foresight

'After [Pericles'] death the f\_____ he had shown in regard to the war could be recognised yet more clearly.'

private

After Pericles' death, the Athenians 'pursued policies motivated by \____ ambition and \___ gain' [same word for both]

through

Pericles 'had advised that the Athenians would win \____'

incorruptible

Pericles' 'power was in his distinguished reputation and his intellect, and he was patently i\_________'

domination

Under Pericles, 'what was happening was democracy in name, but in fact the d\___ of the leading man.'

level

'Pericles' successors were more on a l\___ with one another'

whim

'because each [of Pericles' successors] was striving for first position they were inclined to indulge popular w\___ even in matters of state policy.'

mistakes

Pericles' successors made a series of \____

Sicilian

Greatest mistake of Pericles' successors was the \____ Expedition

home

The Sicilian Expedition failed less from a mistaken choice of enemy than a lack of support at \___

internal

Athens 'brought about their own fall by entangling themselves in \____ disputes.'

win

Pericles was justified in his prediction that Athens would 'very easily \___ through'

property

428 Athens introduced the eisphora, or \___ tax, to raise 200 talents to fund the siege of Mytilene

tyranny

427: Cleon in the Mytilenean debate: 'You do not reflect that your empire is a \___'

suffering

'civil war did inflict s\____ on the cities of Greece.'

school

War 'runs a violent \___ and in most men brings out passions that reflect their condition.'

power

Suffering of civil war in Greece: 'The cause of all this was the pursuit of \___, driven by greed and ambition'

atrocities

Men on each side in the various cities 'committed the most appalling a\___'

depravity

'civil wars brought every form of \___ to the Greek world'

Sphacteria

Events at which location brought Thucydides to say: 'To the Greeks this was the most surprising event of the whole war.'

island

Thucydides' term for Sphacteria: the \____

Brasidas

In 424 which Spartan 'established a reputation for decency in all his dealings'?

speaker

Brasidas 'was not a bad \___, for a Spartan'

liberate

'Wherever [Brasidas] spoke he declared that he had been sent out to \____ Greece.'

courage

Brasidas to his men before Amphipolis: 'we come from a country that has always been free, and the root of this freedom is c\____'

war

Thucydides: 'I lived through the whole of the \____'

intellectual

Thucydides said he studied the war with 'mature perception and in the \_____ pursuit of an accurate understanding of events.'

Mantinea

Which battle followed what Thucydides called the 'greatest military shock in Spartan memory'?

largest

Mantinea was 'the \___ battle that had been joined between major Greek cities for a very considerable time.'

redeemed

Mantinea: 'By this one military action the Spartans r\__ their reputation in Greek eyes.'

must

Athenians at Melos: 'the dominant exact what they can and the weak concede what they \_____'

formidable

In Sicily, the Athenians were 'undertaking a war almost as \____ as their war against the Peloponnesians'

whole

In the Sicilian expedition, the Athenians' 'real reason was the ambition to dominate the w\___ of Sicily'

extravagance

Alcibiades' e\____ was 'a significant factor in the ultimate defeat of Athens'.

Replacing

R\____ Alcibiades 'caused the city's downfall not long afterwards'

Alcibiades

Who claimed to have 'forced the Spartans to stake everything on the outcome of a single day's fighting at Mantinea'?

Land

One of Alcibiades' arguments for the Sicilian Expedition was that the Spartans could only attack Athens by \____

armada

415 'The costliest and most magnificent \___ ever to sail from a single city.'

wrong

Alcibiades to Spartans: 'The patriotism I retain is for the city which guaranteed my citizen rights, not for the city which has done me\_____.'

reclaiming

Alcibiades to Spartans: 'I do not think of myself as attacking my own country...so much as \______ my country'

Plemmyrium

Thucydides considers Nicias' decision to fortify P\___ a major factor in Athenian defeat at Syracuse

Decelea

Which place is Thucydides discussing here: 'It did immense harm to the Athenians, and the consequent destruction of property and loss of life was a crucial element in the city's decline.'

tenacity

413 When the Athenians had to carry on two wars at once, they were gripped by a passionate \____'

Syracuse

What did Thucydides call 'a city which on its own could rank with Athens'?

Three

At the start of the war most Greeks gave the Athenians no more than \___ years of survival.

financially

The war on two fronts 'crippled [Athens] \____'

Night

Syracuse saw the only \____ battle of the whole war.

Advantage

Because Syracuse was like Athens in government and military strength, the Athenians could gain no a\__ by offering regime change or threaten greater strength

nations

The fight for Syracuse involved 'the largest number of \_____ ever to converge on a single city.'

reverse

The Athenian defeat at Syracuse was 'the greatest r\______ experienced by any Greek army.'

enslaving

The Athenians had come to Sicily 'with the intention of \____ others'.

Nicias

Of whom did Thucydides say: 'Of all the Greeks in my time he was the least deserving of this depth of misfortune'?

principle

Thucydides believed that Nicias 'conducted his whole life as a man of p\___'

Sicily

The 'most significant occurrence in the whole of this war' happened where?

annihilation

The Sicilian Expedition ended in 'total \___'

ephor

Alcibiades was a Laconian name, derived from a guest friendship with the \____, Endius

Tissaphernes

Persian satrap who did the first Persian deal with Sparta and was befriended by Alcibiades: \____

Agis

Spartan king who had a personal grudge against Alcibiades

Alcibiades

'\____ cared no more for oligarchy than he did for democracy', and his sole motivation was to be called back

Darius

Persian King during the Ionian War -\_____ II

Samos

Thucydides says Alcibiades did his first great service to Athens by preventing the fleet from sailing from \____ to Athens.

ambition

Thucydides says that the fatal flaw of oligarchy is the role of: fear, deceit, ambition, or incompetence.

skins

The Four Hundred were willing to allow 'any fate whatever for the city, as long as they themselves could save their own\____'

ideal

'the Spartans showed themselves, of all possible enemies, the \___ opponents in a war fought by the Athenians.'

merit

After the overthrow of the 400, Athens enjoyed for the first time in Thucydides' lifetime a government of 'substantial and obvious \____'