The Dynamic Child Ch. 1

Development

patterns of growth and change in behavior, thinking, or emotions over time

Does development refer to short term or long term changes?

Long term

Developmental Theory

a set of rules or statements that describe, predict, or explain various aspects of development

Nature and Nurture

One of four developmental issues

Continuity and Discontinuity

One of four developmental issues

Early and Later experience

One of four developmental issues

Adverse, Protective and Compensatory Process

One of four developmental issues

Nature

genetic influence

Nurture

environmental influences

Argues over ideas being innate or acquired

Nature and Nurture

Rene Descartes believed that certain human capabilities were…

Innate

John Locke viewed the newborn baby’s mind as a tabula rasa (blank slate)

Acquired

Arnold Gesell argued that the regular sequences of motor and speech development found in children were due to genetically directed maturation of the brain and body.

Innate

John Watson argued that experience and learning determined children’s adult outcomes

Acquired

Jean Piaget viewed cognitive development as involving constant interactions between maturation and experience

Innate AND Acquired

The study of how environments modify gene expression is called what?

Epigenetics

Continuity

Gradual and continuous change

Discontinuity

Sudden or qualitative change

A child developing the emotion of guilt after doing something wrong is considered…

Discontinuous

A baby going from babbling to forming words is considered…

Continuous

the extent to which development can be modified based on experience

Plasticity

Sensitive Period

period where an organism is most sensitive to enviornmental stimulation

Plasticity and the sensitive period go hand in hand. True or False?

True

Developmental Cascade

exposures in a child’s environment that lead to changes in behavior, which spread to other parts of development overtime.

Developmental cascades can NOT be positive. True or False?

False

ACEs stands for

Adverse childhood experiences

PACEs

Protective and compensatory experiences

ACEs are considered positive or negative?

Negative

PACEs are considered positive or negative?

Positive

The ability for a child to “bounce back” from negative experience

Resilience

Who made the theory of attachment?

John Bowlby

What does the theory of attachment state?

Babies have innate abilities to form a close bond to their caregivers.

John Bowlby believes that the first year of life is a sensitive period for attachment. True or False?

True

Babies are born with innate core capacities from distant ancestors that aid human development

Nativist theory

Psychodynamics

opposing factors or conflicts within the psyche (mind)

Where do psychodynamic theories originate from?

SIgmund Freud