Bio Exam 2025

population

a group of 40 squirrels in a forest

community

40 squirrels plus all the birds, worms, trees, and other living things in the forest

ecosystem

all the living and nonliving features in the forest

Organism

One squirrel

Which of the following themes is NOT correctly matched with its example?

Form and Function: Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the winter to survive cold, dry conditions

Which of the following lists is in the correct order?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Some poisonous organisms are brightly colored, which warns other organisms not to eat them. Which theme does this BEST represent?

adaption

Which of the following is NOT true about water?

it has a low specific heat capacity

adhesion

water in a graduated cylinder forms a curve at the surface (meniscus)

cohesion

water forms from droplets

Coheasion

an insect can stand on water’s surface

Cohesion

only the upper layer of a pond freezes

High specific heat

costal areas tend to be warmer in winter and cooler in summer and inland areas

True or False: the starting materials in a chemical reaction are the reactants

True

True or False: Covalent bods are formed by a transfer of elecrons

False

___________ Bonds are formed by a transfer of electrons

Ionic

True or False: the electrons involved in bonding are called VALENCE electrons

true

True or False: the smallest part of an element is am molecule

False

What is the smallest part of an element

Atom

Carbohydrates function

provide fast energy

Carbohydrate Examples

Grains, Fruits, Bread, Pasta

Lipids Function

Storing energy, protecting cells

Lipid examples

fats, phospholipids

Nucleic Acid function

code genetic traits

Nucleic Acid examples

DNA, RNA, ATP

Protien Function

Enzyme activity

Protein examples

chicken, steak

Carbohydrates

monosaccharides

Proteins

amino acids

Lipids

fatty acids

Nucleic Acids

nucleotides

All carbon compounds contain _____

carbon

Carbohydrates are made out of smaller molecules (monomers) known as _____

monsaccharides

Carbohydrates are composed of the following _______

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Carbohydrates are the most prevalently found in food groups such as

fruits and grains

Examples of lipids are

cholesterol ad waxes

Lipids that have doubles bonds in their structure are known as

unsaturated fats

True or false: Lipids are nonsoluble (meaning they do not mix) with water

True

Proteins are made our of smaller molecules known as

amino acids

Protein functions/types depends on the ____ of the protein

shape

Proteins

Organic compound that is essential for muscle development

Nucleic acids

Organic compound that stores genetic information

Lipids

Organic compoun that provides insulation

Carbohydrates

Organic compound that can serve as a quick source of energy

Enzymes

reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions

At which pH value does pepsin function best

3.0

Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. When lactose is digested by the human body, each lactose molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. What are these small molecules called?

monomers

In the human body, fibrinogen is necessary for sealing cuts and stopping the loss of blood. Since fibrinogen is made of chains of amino acids, it is an example of which type of organic molecule?

Protein

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzyme that function best at temperatures of 70C or higher. At a temperature of 50C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cell MOST LIKELY be affected?

The enzyme will no increase the rate of reactions as much as they did at 70C

Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch molecules can be broken down quickly. This chemical reaction produces which of the following?

monosccarides

In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the follwing

An enzeyme

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following BEST describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?

a chain of animo acids followed and twisted into a molecule

Which of the following statements about the structure of the plasma membrane is NOT correct?

It keeps all substances from entering and contamination the cell

Which of the following is NOT found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Water will move out of the cell place in a(n) _______ solution

hypertonic

Solutes particles spontaneously move from a high concentration to an area of low concentration by the process of ______

simple diffusion

Which of the following statements about the nuecleus is NOT true

it controls the activities of all organelles

Which of the following is NOT part of cell theory

All cells are the same shape and size

In addition to the plasma membrane, a ____ _____ composed of cellulose is found in plants

cell wall

The ____ is a clear gel-like fluid that surrounds organelles outside the nucleus

Cytoplasm

Some cells have ____, hair like projections that move substances across the cell surface

Cilla

____ are longer whip-like projections that enable an enyire cell to move

Flagella

Membrane sacs that store metaerials such as food particles, water, or chemicals in cells

vacuoles

True or false: passive transport of water across a membrane is OSMOSIS

True

True or false: Robert Hooke was the first scientist to use the word "MICROSCOPE”

False

Robert Hooke was the first person to use the word _____

Cell

True or false: Pumping solutes against their concentration gradient is an example of ACTIVE transport

True

True or false: A cell placed in pure water will SHRINK

False

A cell placed in pure water will ____

grow

True or false: The tails of phospholipid molecules turn inward because they are HYDROPHOBIC

True

True or false: ER with ribosomes on the surface is called BUMPY

False

ER with ribosomes on the surface is called _______

Rough

True or false: The process of taking large molecules into the cell using vesicles is called HYDROTRANSPORT

False

The process of taking large molecules into the cell using vesicles is called _________

Vesicle transport

True or false: Fungi, Protists, Plants and Animals are composed of EUKARYOTIC cells

True

True or false: Cilia, flagella and centrioles are composed of specific arrangments of MICROFILAMENTS

True

autotrophs

Organisms that use photosynthesis to make their own food

Chloroplast

Structure in which photosynthesis occurs

Chlorophyll

Pigment that absorbs light

grana

stacks of thylakoid discs

Hetertrophs

organisms that cannon make their own food

mesophyll

leaf layer where most of photosynthesis occurs

Oxygen

waste product that plants release into the atmosphere

Producer

another word for autotroph

stomata

openings on the underside of leaves that allow for gas exchanges

stroma

thick fluid inside chloroplasts where the calvin cycle occurs

sunlight

original energy source for photosynthesis

thylakoid

mmebrane where light reactions occur

veins

carry water and sugars through plants

Light reactions

involves photostems

Light reactions

release oxygen

Light reactions

ATP and NADPH are produced

Calvin Cycle

requires carbon dioxide

Calvin Cycle

happens in the stroma

Calvin Cycle

strting molecule is regenerated

Calvin Cycle

produced sugar

Which is the following is NOT directly associated with the reaction center of a photosystem?

ATP Synthase

Which of the following statements about G3P is NOT correct?

It is produced in the thylakoid membrane

which of the following is NOT required for photosynthesis?

oxygen

Where does most photosynthesis take place?

Leaf mesophyll