Chapter 22

20 vocabulary flashcards covering key toxicology and substance-abuse terms from the lecture notes.

addiction

A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a substance.

antidote

A substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison.

delirium tremens (DTS)

A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics deprived of ethyl alcohol; marked by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures; can be fatal if untreated.

emesis

Vomiting.

hallucinogen

An agent that produces false perceptions in any one of the five senses.

hematemesis

Vomiting blood.

hypnotic

A sleep-inducing effect or agent.

ingestion

Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth.

material safety data sheet (MSDS) / safety data sheet (SDS)

A form provided by chemical manufacturers containing information on composition, properties, hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of a specific material.

narcotic

A drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness.

opiate

A natural, nonsynthetic member of the opioid family.

opioid

A synthetically produced narcotic similar to morphine but not derived from opium; used to relieve pain.

overdose

An excessive quantity of a drug that can have toxic or lethal consequences.

poison

A substance whose chemical action can damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body.

sedative

A substance that decreases activity and excitement.

stimulant

An agent that produces an excited state.

substance abuse

The misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect.

tolerance

The need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect.

toxicology

The study of toxic or poisonous substances.

toxin

A poison or harmful substance.