Chapter 9 - Psychoanalytic Theories, Learning Theories

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 28

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

29 Terms

1

Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development

- Sexual nature motivates behavior in universal developmental stages that present conflicts
- Conflict resolution affects development throughout life

New cards
2

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

- Oral (first year)
- Anal (1-3 yrs)
- Phallic (3-6)
- Latency (6-12)
- Genital (12+)

New cards
3

Oral Stage

- First year
- Primary source of satisfaction and pleasure is oral activity
- Mother established as the strongest love-object

New cards
4

Anal Stage

- 1-3 y/o
- Primary source of pleasure comes from defecation (pooping)

New cards
5

Phallic Stage

- 3-6 y/o
- Primary source of pleasure in the genitalia

New cards
6

Latency Stage

- 6-12 y/o
- Sexual energy channeled into socially acceptable activities
- gap; not much going on

New cards
7

Genital Stage

- 12 yrs+
- Sexual maturation is complete and sexual intercourse becomes a major goal

New cards
8

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

- Accepted the basic elements of Freud's theory and added social factors
- Has eight age-related developmental stages with a specific crisis at each stage; crisis resolution needed for growth

New cards
9

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

- Trust vs Mistrust (first yr)
- Autonomy vs Shame and doubt (1-3 ½ yrs)
- Initiative vs Guilt (4-6 yrs)
- Industry vs Inferiority (6-puberty)
- Identity vs role confusion (adolescence-early adulthood)

New cards
10

Trust vs Mistrust Stage

- first yr
- Developing trust in other people is the crucial issue

New cards
11

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Stage

- 1-3 1/2 y/o
- The challenge is to achieve a strong sense of autonomy while adjusting to increased social demands

New cards
12

Initiative vs Guilt Stage

- 4-6 y/o
- Resolved when the child develops high standards and the initiative to meet them w/o being crushed by worry about not being able to measure up

New cards
13

Industry vs Inferiority Stage

- 6 y/o-puberty
- The child must master cognitive and social skills, learn to work industriously, and play well with others

New cards
14

Identity vs Role Confusion Stage

- adolescence-early adulthood
- Adolescents must resolve the question of who they really are or live in confusion about what roles they should play as adults

New cards
15

Current Perspective on Frued and Erikson

On Freud's Theory: The current influence of this theory are broad psychological concepts, not theoretical specifics

Contributions to developmental psychology
- Emphasis on the importance of early experience and emotional relationships
- Recognition of the role of subjective experience and unconscious mental activity

Weaknesses of psychoanalytic theories
- Major theoretical claims too vague to be testable and many specific elements questionable

New cards
16

Learning Theorists

- Learning theorists emphasize the role of external factors in shaping behavior
- Reinforcement and punishment guide development
- No qualitatively different developmental stages
- Contemporary theorists: children play a role in their own development

New cards
17

John B. Watson's Behaviorism

- He believed that children's development is determined by their social environment
- Little Albert

New cards
18

Little Albert Experiment

Watson paired a white rat with a loud bang repeatedly to create an association between the two unrelated stimuli → little Albert began fearing the rat w/o the loud noise
- example of classical conditioning

New cards
19

classical conditioning

automatic conditioned response is paired with a specific stimulus

New cards
20

B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning

- Behavior is under environmental control
- Everything we do in life (every act) is an operant response influenced by the outcomes of past behaviors
- Intermittent reinforcement
- Behavior Modification
- For parents and teachers, attention can be a powerful reinforcer and so can time-out/temporary isolation

New cards
21

Intermittent Reinforcement

inconsistent response to a behavior
- Makes behaviors resistant to extinction

New cards
22

Examples of Intermittent Reinforcement

- random bonus points
- Sometimes punishing unacceptable behaviors and sometimes ignoring them

New cards
23

Behavior Modification

a form of therapy based on principles of operant conditioning in which reinforcement contingencies are changed to encourage more adaptive behaviors
- Adding and removing stimuli to increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again

New cards
24

Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory

- Most human learning is inherently social in nature and based on observation of the behavior of other people
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Observational Learning
- Bobo Doll Experiment
- Reciprocal Determinism

New cards
25

Vicarious Reinforcement

observing someone else receive a reward or punishment

New cards
26

Observational Learning

process of learning by watching the behaviors of other
- Target behavior is watched, memorized, and mimicked

New cards
27

Bobo Doll Experiment

- demonstrated that children can quickly acquire new behaviors by watching others
- Dependent on reward or punishment of observed action

New cards
28

Reciprocal determinism

Child-environment influences operate in both directions
- Child's behavior ←→ social environment
- Children are both affected by and influence aspects of their environment

New cards
29

Current Perspectives on Learning Theories

Contributions to developmental psychology
- Derived from research in socialization, parental socialization, and practices
- Led to practical applications like behavior modification

Weaknesses of learning theories
- Focus on behavior, not brain or mind
- Lack attention to biological influences
- Minimize impact of perceptual, motor, cognitive, and language development

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
213 days ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
891 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
514 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
688 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
903 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
760 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
701 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 44 people
758 days ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (92)
studied byStudied by 11 people
841 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (116)
studied byStudied by 10 people
800 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 15 people
3 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 17 people
750 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 2 people
177 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 42 people
385 days ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 41 people
88 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (222)
studied byStudied by 29 people
646 days ago
5.0(1)
robot