USH British North America - Development of an American Identity.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another. Involuntary = slavery

Jamestown

1st successful settlement

Relationship between British settlers and Native Americans prior to 1609

Positive relation because the Native Americans helped the settlers survive

Relationship between British Settlers and Native Americans after 1609

Negative relationship due to a drought that made food scarce

2 reasons to immigrate

1. Economic opportunity (farmland) as a pull factor

2. Escape religious persecution (Protestants vs. Catholics) as a push factor

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

Determined economic development (commerce industries)

Geographic features

Why was the New England colonies formed?

To gain religious freedom from persecution under the Church of England

Charter Colonies

Established by joint-stock companies

Examples of representative government

The Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, Virginia House of Burgesses, the New England Town Meetings, and the Declaration of Rights

Laid the groundwork for American Republicanism

English Bill of Rights, Magna Carta, and the Enlightment

What helped spur the American Revolution

A tradition of self-government and an identity as people with the rights of Englishmen

Salutary neglect

The colonist were left alone, did not pay taxes, and governed themselves. Northern and Southern colonies developed colonial legislatures.

New England Colonies

Climate: long, cold winters; rocky, poor soil; bogs contained iron ore

Subsistence farming: fishing and whaling; shipbuilding; and manufacturing

Boston was a center for commerce and a port for shipping

Massachusetts Bay Colony: Puritans, English Protestants who disliked the practices of the Church of England

'“City Upon a Hill” describes a self-governing society as a beacon of hope for the people seeking freedom

Puritans: sought religious freedom, valued hard work. education, and the Bible

Government consisted of the Town Hall Meeting

Sectionalism

Differences across colonial regions. Resources found in the north and south contributed to sectionalism. Sectionalism led to tension between the north and south.

Middle Colonies

Climate: cold winters, longer summers, and excellent land for farming (breadbasket)

Economics: farming, shipping, commerce, and the fur trade

Maryland Act of Toleration led to a diverse population: Germans, Swedes, French, Catholics, Huguenots, Jews, and the Dutch (religiously tolerant).

New York and Philadelphia were centers for commerce and ports for shipping

Push Factor: attract people; freedom, education, jobs, reunite with family

Pennsylvania tolerated different religions, believed everyone had an “inner light”. and encouraged diverse immigration

Southern Colonies

Climate: warm, fertile soil, flat plains, rolling hills, long rivers that led to the coast

Virginia Company: established colonies using the joint-stock company

Cash crops: indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton

Plantations and slave labor; ports of Charleston and New Orleans

Headright system: 50 acres of land (a pull factor)

Indentured servitude: worked for landowner for up to 7 years in return for paid passage to the colonies

Social class: Elites (plantation owners)

First Great Awakening

A religious revival

5 Consequences of First Great Awakening

1. Greater religious tolerance

2. A willingness to question traditional practices (State Church)

3. An increase in traveling “circuit-riding” ministers spreading Christianity

4. Slaves were exposed to Christianity

5. A unified colonial culture

Influenced the American Revolution by emphasizing individualism and self-reliance

Jonathan Edwards wrote extensively about the First Great Awakening

Pluralism

Occurs when different faiths or cultural customs coexist

The Middle Passage

The journey from Africa to the New World (slave trade)

Triangular Trade

The trading of goods and services between North America and the Caribbean, Europe, and African.

Mercantilism

• Required the colonies to provide the mother country (England) with raw materials

• Led to the stockpiling of gold and silver

  • Required more exports and fewer imports

French and Indian War

• A turning point in how the English government treated the colonies because Britain began taxing the colonies to pay off war debt

The Proclamation Line of 1763

Established the Appalachian Mountains as a boundary. Settlers wanted to move westward.

War Debt from the French and Indian War led to taxes

1. Sugar Act

2. Currency Act

3. Stamp Act

4. Quartering Act

5. Declaratory Act

6. Townshend Act

7. Tea Act

8. Intolerable or Coercive Act

“No taxation without representation”

What did the Stamp Act lead to the formation of?

The Sons of Liberty

What caused the British to close the Boston harbor?

The Boston Tea Party that was staged by the Sons of Liberty

What led to the creation of the Sons of Liberty

The Colonial Congress meeting to protest the Stamp Act