Studied by 18 people
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Social Darwinism
Application of 'survival of the fittest' to justify imperialism.
Nationalism
Strong identification with one’s nation, often tied to imperial ambitions.
White Man’s Burden
Concept that Europeans had a duty to civilize non-European societies.
Civilizing Mission
Effort to impose European cultural values on colonized peoples.
Imperialism
Policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy or military force.
Economic Exploitation
Use of colonies to extract resources and labor for profit.
Missionary Activity
Efforts to spread Christianity and convert indigenous populations.
Berlin Conference
Meeting of European powers to divide Africa peacefully.
Cultural Superiority
Belief in the dominance of one’s culture over others.
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture.
Sphere of Influence
Region where a state has exclusive rights, often economic.
Protectorate
Territory with its own government but under foreign control.
Annexation
Formal addition of territory into a state.
Suez Canal
Strategic waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas.
Manifest Destiny
Belief in the inevitable expansion of U.S. territory.
Scramble for Africa
Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers.
Direct Rule
System where the colonizing power controls the colony’s government.
Indirect Rule
System where local rulers maintain authority under colonial oversight.
Imperial Federation
Concept of a unified empire under centralized control.
Sepoy Rebellion
Indian soldiers’ revolt against British East India Company rule.
Zulu Resistance
Armed conflict led by the Zulu Kingdom against British colonizers.
Treaty of Waitangi
Agreement between Britain and Maori leaders in New Zealand, often contested in interpretation.
Indian National Congress
Organization formed to advocate for Indian independence.
Pan-Africanism
Movement advocating for solidarity among African nations and peoples.
Ghost Dance
Religious movement among Native Americans resisting U.S. expansion.
Mahdist Revolt
Sudanese resistance against British-Egyptian rule.
Cultural Preservation
Efforts to maintain indigenous traditions and practices.
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-foreign uprising in China.
Passive Resistance
Nonviolent opposition to colonial rule, exemplified by figures like Gandhi.
Export economy
System focused on producing goods for export rather than domestic use.
Monoculture
Dependence on a single crop for economic stability.
Cash crops
Crops grown for profit rather than subsistence.
Industrial Capitalism
Economic system centered on industrial production and profit.
Global Trade Networks
Interconnected markets facilitating international exchange.
Resource Extraction
Removal of natural resources for industrial use.
Colonial Infrastructure
Development of transportation and communication systems in colonies.
Tariffs
Taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industries.
Opium Trade
British export of opium to China, leading to conflict.
Joint-Stock Companies
Businesses owned by shareholders that financed imperial ventures.
Economic Imperialism
Control of a region’s economy by foreign powers.
Banana Republics
Countries reliant on export economies controlled by foreign companies.
Unequal Treaties
Trade agreements favoring imperial powers.
Opium Wars
Conflicts between Britain and China over trade imbalances.
Extraterritoriality
Legal exemption for foreigners in a colonized country.
Dependency Theory
Idea that imperialism created long-term economic dependencies.
Cash Crop Economy
System focusing on single crops for export rather than food.
Export-Oriented Agriculture
Focus on producing goods for global markets.
Foreign Concessions
Areas controlled by foreign powers for trade and investment.
Diaspora
Scattering of people from their homeland.
Indentured Servitude
Labor system where workers were contracted for fixed terms.
Push-Pull Factors
Reasons driving migration, such as economic opportunities or persecution.
Chain Migration
Migrants following family members or community networks.
Economic Migration
Movement for work opportunities.
Refugees
People fleeing persecution or conflict.
Urbanization
Growth of cities as people moved for jobs.
Famine Migration
Movement due to food scarcity.
Transoceanic Migration
Movement across oceans for labor or settlement.
Seasonal Migration
Temporary movement for agricultural work.
Ethnic Enclave
Community of migrants maintaining cultural traditions.
Xenophobia
Fear or hatred of foreigners.
Nativism
Policies favoring native-born inhabitants over migrants.
Melting Pot
Concept of blending immigrant cultures into a single national identity.
Cultural Diffusion
Spread of cultural traits across regions.
Labor Migration
Movement for industrial or agricultural work.
Immigration Restrictions
Policies limiting migrant entry.
Assimilation
Process of adapting to a new culture.
Economic Integration
Inclusion of migrants in labor markets.
Remittances
Money sent by migrants to their home countries.
Suffrage Movement
Campaigns advocating for women’s right to vote.
Feminism
Advocacy for gender equality in political, economic, and social spheres.
Patriarchy
System of male dominance in social and economic structures.
Domestic Sphere
Traditional role of women as caregivers and homemakers.
Industrial Wage Labor
Employment in factories or industries, often exploitative.
Cult of Domesticity
19th-century ideal that women’s roles were confined to the home.
Women’s Education Movement
Efforts to expand access to education for women.
New Woman
Concept of an educated, independent woman challenging societal norms.
Anti-Colonial Activism
Women’s participation in resisting imperialism.
Maternal Feminism
Belief that women’s roles as mothers justified their involvement in social and political activism.
