U6 Vocab APWH

Social Darwinism

Application of 'survival of the fittest' to justify imperialism.

Nationalism

Strong identification with one’s nation, often tied to imperial ambitions.

White Man’s Burden

Concept that Europeans had a duty to civilize non-European societies.

Civilizing Mission

Effort to impose European cultural values on colonized peoples.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power through diplomacy or military force.

Economic Exploitation

Use of colonies to extract resources and labor for profit.

Missionary Activity

Efforts to spread Christianity and convert indigenous populations.

Berlin Conference

Meeting of European powers to divide Africa peacefully.

Cultural Superiority

Belief in the dominance of one’s culture over others.

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture.

Sphere of Influence

Region where a state has exclusive rights, often economic.

Protectorate

Territory with its own government but under foreign control.

Annexation

Formal addition of territory into a state.

Suez Canal

Strategic waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the inevitable expansion of U.S. territory.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers.

Direct Rule

System where the colonizing power controls the colony’s government.

Indirect Rule

System where local rulers maintain authority under colonial oversight.

Imperial Federation

Concept of a unified empire under centralized control.

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian soldiers’ revolt against British East India Company rule.

Zulu Resistance

Armed conflict led by the Zulu Kingdom against British colonizers.

Treaty of Waitangi

Agreement between Britain and Maori leaders in New Zealand, often contested in interpretation.

Indian National Congress

Organization formed to advocate for Indian independence.

Pan-Africanism

Movement advocating for solidarity among African nations and peoples.

Ghost Dance

Religious movement among Native Americans resisting U.S. expansion.

Mahdist Revolt

Sudanese resistance against British-Egyptian rule.

Cultural Preservation

Efforts to maintain indigenous traditions and practices.

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreign uprising in China.

Passive Resistance

Nonviolent opposition to colonial rule, exemplified by figures like Gandhi.

Export economy

System focused on producing goods for export rather than domestic use.

Monoculture

Dependence on a single crop for economic stability.

Cash crops

Crops grown for profit rather than subsistence.

Industrial Capitalism

Economic system centered on industrial production and profit.

Global Trade Networks

Interconnected markets facilitating international exchange.

Resource Extraction

Removal of natural resources for industrial use.

Colonial Infrastructure

Development of transportation and communication systems in colonies.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

Opium Trade

British export of opium to China, leading to conflict.

Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses owned by shareholders that financed imperial ventures.

Economic Imperialism

Control of a region’s economy by foreign powers.

Banana Republics

Countries reliant on export economies controlled by foreign companies.

Unequal Treaties

Trade agreements favoring imperial powers.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between Britain and China over trade imbalances.

Extraterritoriality

Legal exemption for foreigners in a colonized country.

Dependency Theory

Idea that imperialism created long-term economic dependencies.

Cash Crop Economy

System focusing on single crops for export rather than food.

Export-Oriented Agriculture

Focus on producing goods for global markets.

Foreign Concessions

Areas controlled by foreign powers for trade and investment.

Diaspora

Scattering of people from their homeland.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system where workers were contracted for fixed terms.

Push-Pull Factors

Reasons driving migration, such as economic opportunities or persecution.

Chain Migration

Migrants following family members or community networks.

Economic Migration

Movement for work opportunities.

Refugees

People fleeing persecution or conflict.

Urbanization

Growth of cities as people moved for jobs.

Famine Migration

Movement due to food scarcity.

Transoceanic Migration

Movement across oceans for labor or settlement.

Seasonal Migration

Temporary movement for agricultural work.

Ethnic Enclave

Community of migrants maintaining cultural traditions.

Xenophobia

Fear or hatred of foreigners.

Nativism

Policies favoring native-born inhabitants over migrants.

Melting Pot

Concept of blending immigrant cultures into a single national identity.

Cultural Diffusion

Spread of cultural traits across regions.

Labor Migration

Movement for industrial or agricultural work.

Immigration Restrictions

Policies limiting migrant entry.

Assimilation

Process of adapting to a new culture.

Economic Integration

Inclusion of migrants in labor markets.

Remittances

Money sent by migrants to their home countries.

Suffrage Movement

Campaigns advocating for women’s right to vote.

Feminism

Advocacy for gender equality in political, economic, and social spheres.

Patriarchy

System of male dominance in social and economic structures.

Domestic Sphere

Traditional role of women as caregivers and homemakers.

Industrial Wage Labor

Employment in factories or industries, often exploitative.

Cult of Domesticity

19th-century ideal that women’s roles were confined to the home.

Women’s Education Movement

Efforts to expand access to education for women.

New Woman

Concept of an educated, independent woman challenging societal norms.

Anti-Colonial Activism

Women’s participation in resisting imperialism.

Maternal Feminism

Belief that women’s roles as mothers justified their involvement in social and political activism.